The Prevalence of Trichomona Vaginalis Among Adults in “osumenyi” in Nnewi South Local Government Area Anambra State
CHAPTER ONE
AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
- To determine the prevalence of I. Vaginalis among adults in”Osumenji” in Nnewi South Local Government Area of Anambra state.
- To determine the age level which are msore susceptible to the infection
- To determine the sex with higher prevalence of the infection
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Prevalence reflects the number of total existing cases both old and new in a given population at risk at a time (Nester et al, 2001). Prevalence rates of I. Vaginalis vary depending on the patients population studied and diagnostic method used. Disease occurrence correlates with the level of sexual activity of the group of people being studied. Evidence for sexual transmission of I. Vaginalis is very strong as prevalence is highest among patients with increased sexual activity and multiple sex partners. Aproximately 14-65% of males partners of infected females are also infected (Krieger, 1995 and Sena, 2003. In asymptomatic patients attending family planning Clinics, 5% of women had the disease, 13-25% of women attending gynecology clinics, 1-40% of women in sexually transmitted disease (STB) clinics, and 50-75% prostitutes had been diagnosed with The infection (Heine, 1993). More recently, a prevalence of 16.2% was found among high school students (Both females and males) population (Gaydos, 2003). Prevalence men in infect is characterized by fewer organism than in women. This is possible due to high concentration of zinc and anti-trichomanal substances found in the prostate (Krieger, 1982).
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHODS
MATERIAL (SEE APPENDIX)
STERILIZATION
Properly washed glass ware:- Beakers, conical flasks, coverships, microscopic slides, sample containers,s test tubes and parteur’s pipette were sterilized in hot air oven at 1600c for one hour ins their respective cansiters and were later stored at 40c.
POPULATION SAMPLED
100 samples each of urine and genital secretious were collected from three different clinics in Osumenyi in Nnewi South L.G.A of Anambra state. Viz: Health centre, family planning clinic and Antenatal clinic. Thirty samples were collected from family planning clinic, twenty samples were collected from Antenatal clinic and fifty samples were colelcted from Health centre, making a total 100 samples.
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS
TABLE I: COLOUR, CLARITY AND ODOUR OF URINE SAMPLES COLELCTED FROM BOTH SEXES OF ADULTS.
CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION
The prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis among adults in “Osumenji in Nnewi South L.G.A. of Anambra state was studied within age range 16-75 year. Out of 100 (hundred) samples of both urine and enital secretions of both sexes from the three clinics used 37 (37%) were negative. The highest number of positive cases was seen in Health centre clinic with 20 (20%) cases. This was followed by family planning clinics with 13 (13%) cases and least in Antenatal clinic with 3(3%) cases. The colour of the urine was yellow in 14 (14%) , yellow green in 15(15%) Yellow / foamy in 14 (14%) and Pale-yellow in 57(57%). The clarity was 71 (71%), cloudy was 29 (29%). The odour was foul in 14 (14%), frothy appearance was 15(15%), malodorous was 14(14%) and normal was 57(57%). The colour of genital secretions was milky in 20(20%), whsite in 59(59%), foamy/white in 3(3%), yellow green in 12 (12%) and foamy / white in 5(5%). The odour was frothy in 25(25%), normal in 62(62%) and malodorous in 13(13%).
CHAPTER SIX
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
CONCLUSION
This research work revealed high prevalence of I.Vaginalis among adults in Osumenyi in Nnewi south L.G.A of Anambra state as 37 (37%) withina ge rnage 16-75 years. This study also revealewd that for I.Vaginalis infection to manifest,s the individual or patient must have come in direct contact with the organism during sexual intercourse or through contaminated articles. Lossick (1989) stated that the organism was able to survive for hours on damp towels and clothes. It can also be transmitted from infected mothers to new born baby girls at the time of birth, although this rarely occur. Bramley ( 1976) stated that approximately 5% of female babies born of infected mother contracted the infection. For the above reasons, so many individuals may continue to be victims of Trichomoniasis if reckless sexual promiscuity, multiple sex partners, poor personal hygeine, poor environemntal conditions and neglect of copndom during sexual intercourse persist.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Trichomoniasis can be prevented by abstaining from sex, sticking to one sex partners, control, of carriers (asymptomatic patients) by screening individuals from time to time, either individual or by government policy, use of condoms and response to appropriate therapy. Also individuals should avoid wearing of damp pants and contaminated articles.
REFERENCES
- Anosike J.C. AA Ogbonna, IB Ogbonna, CI ogboma 91991) “Studies on the Incidence of Trichomonas vaginal amongst pregnant women in Jos area of Plateau Sate” Angew Parasitology; 32(4): 198-204.
- Arambuto PV 3rd, BD Cabrera, TS Osteria, JC Baltazor (1977) “A comparative study of Trichomona vaginalis prevalence in Filipmo
- Women” Southern east Asia Journal of Tropical Medical Health, 8
- Kingston MA, D Bansal, EM Cartin (2003 “Shelf life’ of Trichomonas
- vaginalis. International” Journal of sexually Transmitted Disease
- Acquiared Immune Deficiency Syndrome; 14:28-29.
- Kissinger Py(2003) “Trichomonas vginalis and Hiv vaginal shedding
- Abstract of the 15th 15STDR, Ohawa Canada. July 27-30
- Krieger JN (1981) “Urologic aspects of trichomoniass” Invest Urology; 18(6): 411-417.
- Krieger JN, MF Rein (1982) “Zinc sensitivity of Trichomonas vaginalis: in vitro studies and clinical implications” Journal of infectious disease; 146 (3): 341-345.
