The Level of Computer Usage Among School Teachers and Students
Chapter One
Objectives of study
- To determine the availability of computers for teaching and learning in Oyo State Secondary
- To determine the use of computers for teaching in Oyo State Secondary
- To determine the challenges faced in the utilization of computers for teaching in Oyo State Secondary
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Conceptual Framework
Concept is a distinctive meaning of a term, word or phrase that symbolizes several ideas. Awotunde and Ugodulunwa (2004) defined concept as a medium of organizing knowledge about the world to categorize information. Awotunde and Ugodulunwa (2004) went further to state that, a concept may mean tangible things such as table, chair, stone, book, man, woman among others. Eboh (2009) stated that, concept is an idea, thought or devolution of abstract system of thought by which science investigates, interprets and understands particular segments of reality or phenomena.
According to Lidimma (2011) a framework is the structure of ideas and how they arrange to give functional meaning to an event. Conceptual framework according to Eboh (2009) is a schematic description and illustration of the causative mechanism and relationship deducible from the research problems.It can be in the form of diagrammatic representation of the testable argument of the research. It also spells out the context and form of relationship or interactions between phenomena. Conceptual framework is a tool for identifying what the Researcher would observe, how the Researcher would observe and what the Researcher would place on various possible observations.
Concepts of Computer
Before the development of computer system, people used typewriter machine for word processing such as typing their letters, reports, projects and memo with the use of duplicating machine for producing large copies. This method has a lot of time consuming; it involved more manpower and lack of neatness. Today hundreds of thousands of people use computer every day for word processing in place of typewriting machine. The purpose ofcomputer as instructional materials is to promote efficiency of education by improving the quality of teaching and learning. Incorporating these tools and materials present support and reinforces teaching (Tukur, 2012). Aduwa,Ogiegbaen & Imogie (2005) stated that, these materials and resources includes; audio tape recorders, slide projectors, opaque projectors, overhead projectors, still pictures, programmed instruction, film strips, maps, charts, graphs and many more offer a variety of learning experiences individually or in combination to meet different teaching and learning experience. Jimoh, (2009) ordinary words or verbalization has been found to be inadequate for effective teaching, Instructional materials serve as a channel through which message, information, ideas and knowledge are disseminated more easily, they can therefore be manipulated, seen, heard, felt or talked about. These materials facilitate activities and they are anything, or anybody, or the teacher turns to for help in learning process. Aduwa,Ogiegbaen & Imogie,(2005) refers to instructional materials as objects or devices which help the teacher to make learning meaningful to the learners. If properly and creatively used, instructional media can provide us with opportunities to enhance the teaching and learning experiences in our environment. The role of media in allowing flexibility in learning is provided by clear materials–print and audio visual which are attractive alternatives to the routine of lecture. Flexibility is enhanced when alternative to teacher talk are available (NOUN, 2008).
Several decades ago, worldwide communication of information instantaneously was not so, communication technology has vastly increased our exposure to information and experience. Most media have implications for education that are only now beginning to be fully understood and appreciated. In fact, there is now the pervasiveness of mass media. There are more magazines; newspapers and books, there are more programmes on radio and television, as well as programmes on computer. Modern communication technology is now part and parcel of the learning situation. An important mark of modern educational practice is the recognition of the need to provide teachers with the state of arts knowledge of teaching. This meansteacher will be introduced to the variety of
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) waves and intelligent application of them in the teaching and learning situation (Tukur, 2012). As we are in the computer age, there is the need for every organization, either Government or Non-governmental organizations, individuals, primary, secondary and higher institutions to embrace the use of computers in our day today activities as there is no profession today in which computer is not applicable depending on how it can be applied (Giwa, 2000).
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
Survey research design was used for this study. Survey research in the view of Nworgu (2006) is one in which a group of people or item is studied by collecting and analyzing data from the entire population or representative sample. Awotunde & Ogodunwa (2004). Define survey research as one which involves the assessment of public opinions using questionnaire. This design is therefore suitable since the study solicited the information on facts and opinions of teachers and students on the availability of computer systems and their accessories in teaching and learning in Secondary Schools in Oyo State.
Population of the Study
The population of the study was 1,548, comprising of 1,502 SS II students offering Biology and 46 teachers, teaching Biology in Government Secondary Schools in Oyo North L.G.A., Oyo State.
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Research Question One: What is the level of availability of computer for teaching and learning in Oyo State Secondary Schools?
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
This study on availability of computer systems and their accessories in teaching and learning in Secondary Schools in Oyo State was set against the background that, there is a general need for improvement in teaching and learning among students in Oyo North L.G.A. Oyo State Secondary Schools. The use of instructional materials for such improvement cannot therefore be overemphasized. This is more so in the face of dwindling performance among students in Biology and for the fact that, computers have been found to enhance performances of teachers and students in most subjects at the Secondary School level. To accomplish the objectives, a structured questionnaire was designed and validated through face validity. The validated questionnaire was then subjected to a pilot test to establish its reliability and consistence index. The tested questionnaire was administered through a stratified random sampling procedure to teachers and students of Biology Schools across the three Senatorial zones of the State. A total of 46 teachers and 300 students successfully completed the questionnaire and were used for the study. The data collected were analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) IBMversion 20. Procedures selected include means and standard deviations. The hypotheses were tested with two sample t- test procedure.
The study was partitioned into five chapters. Chapter one consisted of the background to the study, statement of the problem, objectives, research questions and hypotheses. Other parts of the chapter were scope and limitation of the study and significance of the study. Chapter two was made up of the review of the related literature to the study, while chapter three consisted of the methodology used in the sampled population selection, design of the instrument and method for data analysis among others. Chapter four presents the statistical analysis of the data with solutions to the research questions along with a test of the hypotheses formulated for the study.
Conclusion
The available computers in Oyo State Secondary Schools tended to be restricted to teachers‟ use and are not adequate for effective teaching and learning. The students do not have access to the use of computers in the teaching and learning process of Biology in Oyo State Secondary Schools. The teachers and students agreed that, the utilization of computer for teaching and learning positively enhance the teaching and learning process but, the use of the computers is faced with many challenges. Amongst such challenges are inadequacy of computer hardware and software coupled with inadequate knowledge on their uses by both teachers and students, along poor funding, poor power supply and poor provision of infrastructural facilities for the effective use of computers.
Recommendations
- The provision of computer hardware and software be given priority in Oyo State Secondary Schools in the face of the ICT advent into all levels of
- Provision of computers should not be based on teachers‟ requirement alone but, should include access for students‟
- Provision of computer laboratory for all students would be an advantage not just for Biology but, in all other subjects as
- There is a need for school to make adequate provision for students to participate in lesson through practical applications of computer
- The stakeholders of Oyo State‟s Secondary Schools should look into improved ways of funding for provision of
- There should be periodic orientation on the utilization of computer for teaching and learning in Oyo State‟s Secondary Schools to update both teachers and students.
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