The Influence of Extra Mural Classes on Student Academic Performance in Social Studies in Junior Secondary School
CHAPTER ONE
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objectives of the study are;
- To ascertain if extramural classes have any positive influence on students academic performance.
- To ascertain if there is significant difference in performance of students who attend extramural classes and those who not.
- To ascertain whether student attends extramural classes do not cope better in classroom activities than their counterpart.
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
INTRODUCTION
The literature review will present studies which espouse how extra-mural programs are especially important for children living in high-risk and low income contexts such as the participants in our study. The studies show how extra mural activity participation increases child resilience (Fredericks & Eccles, 2008) and prevents anti-social behaviour such as gangsterism (Ward & Bakhuis, 2009). This reinforces that extra mural programs should be key sites for intervention for persons working with children in low income settings. The profession of occupation therapy aims to ensure all individuals have the opportunities, resources, privilege and rights to participate to their potential in their desired occupations (Townsend & Wilcock, 2000). Therefore it is important to understand children’s preferences for activity choices as well as factors which impact these choices as children are more motivated to become involved in activities that are self-determined rather than being guided by those which are externally imposed. The review contains studies which illustrate this by showing that children are more likely to participate in activities they value (Newman et al, 2007; Eyler, Manney, Brownson, Lohman & Haire-Joshu, 2006). These studies highlight the value of creating an inventory of children’s preferred activities to guide effective interventions. As occupational therapy students, these values and aims of occupation therapy guide and locate our role within this study which is to explore participation in extra mural activities which are meaningful and contextually relevant to the children living in low income environments and to consider factors which have been shown by literature to impact participation patterns and preferences such as age, gender and context. Studies show that gender has been found to be a statistically significant predictor of patterns of extramural participation diversity, intensity, enjoyment and preference (Larson & Verma 1999; Medrich et al. 1982; Garton & Pratt 1991; Posner & Vandell 1999; Jarus et al., 2010; Offord et al., 1998; King, Law, King, Hurley, Hanna, Kertoy & Rosenbaum, 2006). Despite this trend, none of these studies were conducted in a South African context and we therefore wanted to confirm these results in our context. Studies also show that age is also an important determinant in what children do, with whom and where as well as determining preferences for particular activities (King et al., 2007; Larson & Richards, 1991; Brown and Gordon 1987; Posner & Vandell, 1999; Jarus et al. 2010).
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research design
- The researcher used descriptive research survey design in building up this project work the choice of this research design was considered appropriate because of its advantages of identifying attributes of a large population from a group of individuals. The design was suitable for the study as the study sought to the influence of extra mural classes on student academic performance in social studies in junior secondary school
Sources of data collection
Data were collected from two main sources namely:
(i)Primary source and
(ii)Secondary source
Primary source:
These are materials of statistical investigation which were collected by the research for a particular purpose. They can be obtained through a survey, observation questionnaire or as experiment; the researcher has adopted the questionnaire method for this study.
Secondary source:
These are data from textbook Journal handset etc. they arise as byproducts of the same other purposes. Example administration, various other unpublished works and write ups were also used.
Population of the study
Population of a study is a group of persons or aggregate items, things the researcher is interested in getting information on the influence of extra mural classes on student academic performance in social studies in junior secondary school. 200 staff of selected secondary schools in Ijebu-Ode Local Government Area of Ogun State was selected randomly by the researcher as the population of the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Introduction
Efforts will be made at this stage to present, analyze and interpret the data collected during the field survey. This presentation will be based on the responses from the completed questionnaires. The result of this exercise will be summarized in tabular forms for easy references and analysis. It will also show answers to questions relating to the research questions for this research study. The researcher employed simple percentage in the analysis.
DATA ANALYSIS
The data collected from the respondents were analyzed in tabular form with simple percentage for easy understanding.
A total of 133(one hundred and thirty three) questionnaires were distributed and 133 questionnaires were returned.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain the influence of extra mural classes on student academic performance in social studies in junior secondary school
In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of extra mural classes on student academic performance in social studies in junior secondary school
Summary
This study was on the influence of extra mural classes on student academic performance in social studies in junior secondary school. Three objectives were raised which included: To ascertain if extramural classes have any positive influence on students academic performance, to ascertain if there is significant difference in performance of students who attend extramural classes and those who not, to ascertain whether student attends extramural classes do not cope better in classroom activities than their counterpart. In line with these objectives, two research hypotheses were formulated and two null hypotheses were posited. The total population for the study is 200 staff of selected secondary schools in Ijebu Ode local government of Osun state. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study. A total of 133 respondents made up principals, vice principals adm, senior staff and junior staff were used for the study. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies
Conclusion
Extramural courses represent a minority of provision and participation. As suggested by the research literature, students who were older, female, studying part-time, or from care giving or working backgrounds had higher levels of participation in extramural courses than other learners. Students who were younger, studying full-time were least likely to participate in extramural courses
Recommendation
Qualitative research to understand the experience of enthusiastic participation in extramural activities in order to allow for schools to implement programmes related to why learners enthusiastically participate.
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