The Incidence of Candidiasis Among Single and Married Women of Different Age Group (Case Study, Unth Enugu)
CHAPTER ONE
AIM AND OBJECTIVES
- To determine the prevalence of fugal infection among the patients of UNTH Enugu
- To determine the prevalence of fungal infection among single and married women of different age group patient
- To determine the yeast type involved.
- To determine the autimicrobial sensitivity pattern of isolates involves.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
CANDIDIASIS
Candida albicans is universal and can be found in mot healthy individuals ( Haymer et al; 1999) cultivated fungi in 71% of oral smear taken from patient presenting at a dermatology clinic of the cadida krusei Candida tropical Candida pseudoropicals and other species of Candida were grower newborn babies may be infected by mothers with candidiasis of the vaginal trait (woodrute et al 1999) Nembutal candidiasis (Moniliasis) A perleche due to nutritional deficiency B Angular cheihts (1985)
Moniliah stomatitis usually becomes evident on the fifth to sisth postpartum during Candida albicans has been identified in up to 40% of the mouths of newborn infants (Tesehsian et al 1995)
The present of Candida albicans how ever does not necessarily the infection must be promoted by various factors such as age (infants elderly persons hormarial status (diabetes persons hormarial status (diabetes pregnancy and have dirty more over local factors are important such as ede tulousuess. III fitting denatures, and in general, lowered body resistance due to such condition as molabsorption system malignancy uremia and various chronic infection in recent years, the extensive therapeutic use of antibiotics has led to an increase in Candida infections of the mouth respiratory and digestive tracts and skin especially in the anogenetal area, so that to day candidiasis is one of the most frequently occurins my coses (Lighterman et al 1996)
Clinical features oral candidiasis may be defuse or localized as angular chenlosis superficial morihial matous candidiasis (Ketchum 1996).
In diffuse monclial cheibosls authors usually different erosion form is characterized by shiny red erosion with desquamation of the epithelium and surrounding hyperkeratosis patients who have a habit of licking their hips after have a peri oral coetaneous eczemce from which mantilla organisms can be cultured in the granulating type there is diffuse swelling of the lowest hip or occasionally both hips commonly as inflammatory reaction also may involve the have follches of the board.
Angular cleilosis ( Marginal cellists perleche characterize by symmetrical lesions at the angles of the mouth is most frequently caused or hundred in leading by candid celbicanus (Finnenid et al 1989) various factor such decreased vertical light due to the eddeutalous state ill fitting dentures or flaccid sagging cheeks and depressed habial angles constemitly moistened by saliva play an important role in the origin of these trouble some tissured lesions perleche may also be observed in patients with achlyha hypochrorunic anemia or hypouitamimosis B
In superficial monclial stomatitis the chricl piture ranges form mild crythemc with fine whitish deposits to diffuse inflamed white mouth.
In infants the first changes appear on the anterior dorsal third edges and ventral surface on the and later in the oral vestibule the lesions resembling snow white curdled mulk (Taylor 1998) can present as strips plagues and diffuse pseudomenbranes and usually can be stripped much easier than diptheptia meubrance generally the easier the mechanical removes the more superficial and less harmful the epithelial immersion by pelezar J.M the white spot are composed of a deuse matting of candid albicans together with cell detritus residual food particles and bacteria the surface of the lesions has a valvesty appearance where as the adjacent mucous membrane appears durk red moderately swollea alcerature or necrotic lesions indicate deeper tissue in version an unfavorable prognostic sign enthrocolitis mycosis pneumonia or sppticeme rarely may occur.
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
STERILIZATIONS OF MARTERIALS
The specimen bottle for urine collection the petri dishes for media preparation and all the test tubes were all washed and sterilized in the hot air oven at 160c for 1 hour and kept sterile until used in their respecture canisters
POPULATION SAMPLED
Patients showing clinical symptoms of fungal infection and those on antibiotic therapy ere excluded from the exercise by this, I was intended that candidiasis case of fungal infection and false negative results would be avoided respectively
mid stream urine sample and hus samples were collected from total of eighty (80) hospital patients (both single and married of university Nigeria teaching hospital in hematology laboratory with age range of 10to 30 for single women and 20 to 40 years of age married women during the period August 2005
PREPARATION OF CULTURE MEDIA
All the culture media were commercially obtained and prepared according to the manufacturers instruction., the mediu was sterilized conical flasks plugget with cestton wool and autoclaved for 15 min at 121c at is 16s pressure after autoclaving the media were kept sterile until used
COLLECTION OF SAMPLES
Sterile universal container with measure quality of boric acid (0.29) were given to the selected patients. They were instructed on how to collect early morning mid stream unne to avoid contamination samples once collected were taken to the laboratory for analysis while Hvs sample were also collected from their vaginal for analysis at the same time
LABORATORY PROCESSING MACROSCOPY
Urine samples collected were microscope examined and their colour recorded respture normal freshly passed urine is clear and pa yellow to yellow depending on concentration. Any shift from thus normal is indication of some disease condition.
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS
out of a total of eighty 180 samples screened 30 gouge significant yeast disease these represent an incidence rate of 40% percent among single and married women in UNTH Enugu the most predominant organism was C albicans C. tropical C pseudotropicals C kruesei C parasilosis.
THE COLONAL MORPHOLOGY OF THE SUSPECTED ORGANISM: CANDIDA ALBICANS
It measured about 2.5 to 5.0 in diameter and ova in shape with fish odour grayish white on seaboards agar.
CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION
Treatment of candida infections. a variety of agents are available for treating the different types of candida infections. system or internal organ involvement can be treated successfully with amphotericin b unfortunately patient with immune deficiencies well routinely become reinfected nightstand is usually effective for the treatment of mucocutanous candidiasis such as thrush or vagintis other antibiotics used for the treatment of mucoutaneus candidiasis include mc camisole and chotrimoie oral and coetaneous infection also respond welt a 1 % solution of gentian violet.
newer therapeutic measure are in all likelihood responsible for the increase in candida infection seen over the past couple of suppress the normal flora undoable is responsible for increased number of infection particularly gastrointestinal candidiasis. the used of polyethylene cutlets and implanted prosthetic devices is also associated with increased candida infection
NATURAL TREATMENT FOR CANDIDIASIS
If possible after consultation with your doctor eliminate antibiotics birth control pills corticosteroides and uicer drugs.
Being a yeast and sugar free diet and follow it stretchy for at least thirty days if your symptoms diminish. You know that you have been suffering from candidiasis depending on the severity of your symptoms you will have to follow the yeast free diet for three to twelve mouths ehimmate the following foods bread baked goods cheese mushrooms vinegar, soy source fermented food alcohol, also eliminates sugar including all sweets cookies, candy ice cream, soda diet soda dried fruits, chocolate and sweetener including fructose, malt, barley and fruit juice lactobacillus acidophilus: in natural form in yogurt make sure the yogurt contains live cultores as indicated on the label and in capsule form available in health food stores, tale one capsule three time dairy garlic. In its natural form or in capsule form available from health food stores capryfic acid follow the directions on the container as to dosage
In addition: there is a prescription drug called nystatin that can be of help to confirmed cases of candidiasis if you try the yeast free diet and your symptoms are alleviated but do not completely clear. Them you might have has candidiasis for so long that you will require additional treatment in the form of prescription drug you should discuss Nysktin with your doctor.
RECOMMENDATION
The screening of candidiasis infection among single and married women of different age group this work has given an indication that most of the women many suffer form candida infection in future. It established the fact that in every 80 patients 40 percent of them may be four with significant to the disease in incidence is higher in single women than in married women it is therefore recommended that the planners our health care delivery program should include screening programe for the injector among young girls.
The federal government should also help to fund the teaching and federal hospitals so that the screening should be carried out in affordable price also the federal government should help to provide some thing like lecture on television screen about the causes, consequences and natural treatment on candidiasis infection
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- Anyaogu S.A (2004) lecture note on industrial microbiology (unpublished) institute of management and technology Enugu
- Alias R.M (1995) principle of microbiology (first edition) mostly year book incorporation
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- Cheesbrough M. (100), District laboratory practice in tropical countries part II Cambridge uruversity press.
- Fawole M.O and Oso BA (2000) Liberation manual of microbiology spectrum Book limited
- Ketchum P. A (!996) Microbiology concepts and application Kland university Pp 101-103.
