The Impacts of ICPC in Curbing Corruption in Service Delivery Since 2015 on Nigeria: a Study of Ministry of Education, Ogun State
CHAPTER ONE
Objective of the study
The objectives of the study;
- To ascertain the effect of corruption in service delivery in ministry of education, Ogun state
- To ascertain the impact of ICPC in curbing corruption in ministry of education, Ogun state
- To ascertain the level of corruption in ministry of education in Ogun state
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Concept of Corruption
Broadly speaking, corruption is a term used to describe acts that are considered immoral, such as fraud, graft, bribery, stealing, perjury, lying, dishonesty, indiscipline, and debased act like sexual immorality or perversion. Corrupt acts also include economic and financial crimes, nepotism, favoritism or discrimination and partiality in decision-making or allocation of values. Corruption thus represents degeneration from the normal, that is, an anti-social behavior (Okojie and Momoh, 2005:1). By inference therefore, corruption goes beyond the narrow definition of the World Bank as the use of public office for private gain (Hulter and Shah, 2000). Our operational definition of corruption will however be flowing from the United Nations guideline in its ‘Manual on Anti-Corruption Policy III’, which distinguishes two important corruption typologies namely, grand and petty corruption. Grand corruption represents such anti-state acts as looting, 419 scam, money laundering and operation of illegal foreign bank vaults by public officers and private individuals. Such other acts as immorality, dishonesty, perjury, though related to grand corruption, will be considered as 3 petty corruption. Grand corruption is thus another term for public corruption; while petty corruption may refer to private corruption. However, both are not mutually exclusive as aspects of one can be gleaned from the other. In their study, Okojie and Momoh (2005:2) define grand corruption as an act which is widespread and systematic in nature and damaging to the local economy. To commit grand corruption is to commit economic crime and those who commit it are being regarded as ‘economic criminals’. However, there is also the phenomenon of political corruption that further explicates the term, grand corruption. Political or grand corruption has brought much social decadence upon the Nigerian State, carrying along with it, such rotten baggage as godfatherism, influence-peddling, rigging of elections, manipulation of and buying of votes, manipulative political financing, embezzlement in office, and fraud. Aiyede (2006) defines political corruption as the abuse of public or governmental power for illegitimate private advantage. For Lipset and Lenz (2000:112), political corruption is an effort to secure wealth or power through illegal means for private benefit. The Nigerian anti-corruption law has identified as corrupt practices, the use of pecuniary advantage, insincerity in advice with a view to gaining advantage, less than a full day’s work for a full day’s pay, tardiness and laziness towards public office or tasks, failure to report cases of inducement to the anti-corruption bodies, among others (Akanbi, 2004; Aiyede, 2006: 39). For our purposes therefore, in view of the fact that we are examining the Nigerian public life, grand corruption, that is the use of public office for private advantages, will be our framework.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research is the process of arriving at a dependable solution to problems through planned and systematic collection, analyzing and interpretation of data (Osuala, 1993).
Green and Full (1975) defines research methodology as the specification of procedures for collecting and analyzing the data necessary to solve the problem at hand such that the differences between the cost of obtaining various levels of accuracy and the expected value of the information associated with each level of accuracy is optimized.
Thus, in this chapter the method and techniques of data collection and analysis for this study are discussed in details, research design, population of study, sample and sampling technique, sources of data collection, research instrument, validity of the instrument, reliability of the instrument, procedure for administration of research instrument, as well as the limitation of the research methodology. This will be important in order to assess the impacts of ICPC in curbing corruption in service delivery since 2015 on Nigeria: a study of ministry of education, Ogun State.
Research Design
The research design adopted in this research work is the survey research design which involves the usage of self-designed questionnaire in the collection of data. Under the survey research design, primary data of this study will be collected from ministry of education, Ogun state in order to determine the impacts of ICPC in curbing corruption in service delivery since 2015 on Nigeria: a study of ministry of education, Ogun State. The design was chosen because it enables the researcher to collect data without manipulation of any variables of interest in the study. The design also provides opportunity for equal chance of participation in the study for respondents.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter is about the analysis and presentation of data collected from the field through questionnaire. The analysis of the data with particular question immediately followed by the presentation of findings.
As mentioned in chapter three, 50 questionnaires were administered and 50 were retrieved and necessary analysis was carried out on them and presented as follows:
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain the impacts of ICPC in curbing corruption in service delivery since 2015 on Nigeria: a study of ministry of education, Ogun State. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of ICPC in curbing corruption in service delivery since 2015 on Nigeria.
Summary
This study was on the impacts of ICPC in curbing corruption in service delivery since 2015 on Nigeria: a study of ministry of education, Ogun State. Three objectives were raised which included: To ascertain the effect of corruption in service delivery in ministry of education, Ogun state, to ascertain the impact of ICPC in curbing corruption in ministry of education, Ogun state and to ascertain the level of corruption in ministry of education in Ogun state. In line with these objectives, three research questions and research hypotheses were formulated and three null hypotheses were posited. The total population for the study is 75 staffs of ministry of education in Ogun state. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study.
Conclusion
A review of the various anti-corruption laws existing in Nigeria reveals that the country has demonstrated concern for curbing corruption through diverse legislation. These laws also established many institutions and agencies for the implementation and enforcement of anti-corruption measures. But there are varied conflicts surrounding these laws, agencies and the institutions for the enforcement of anti –corruption laws. And these conflicts must be resolved if the anti-corruption crusade is to continue beneficially. As a matter of urgency, the issue of streamlining the operations of the agencies must be addressed. It is suggested that the number of the agencies be reduced to make supervision and control easier. If there is no control, the excesses or problems of the agencies like human rights abuses, disobedience to court orders, manipulations through function-switching by the executive, lack of coordination about anti-corruption activities among the agencies would rather exacerbate than abate. The government should initiate the long-term process of repairing the battered judiciary, reforming federal criminal procedure and evidence rules, and examine ways to establish special courts or assigning specific judges to hear only corruption cases.
Recommendation
With specific reference to the ICPC and the EFCC, it is recommended that no fusion is necessary; rather, the abilities of both agencies should be strengthened through improved funding and support from the government to enable optimal performance of both agencies. Both agencies should also make untiring efforts to enjoy a seamless and rancor free relationship with the office of the Attorney General of the federation in order to improve the efficiency of the anti-corruption drive of the Nigerian Government.
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