The Impact of Unemployment on Youth Development and Nation Building in Some Selected L.G.A in Ebonyi State

The Impact of Unemployment on Youth Development and Nation Building in Some Selected L.G.A in Ebonyi State

Chapter One

 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1. To examine the impacts of unemployment on youth development and nation-building in Ebonyi state.
2. To examine how unemployment affects youth development in the state.
3. To identify those factors that will directly or indirectly improve the employment of youths.
4. To assess the effect of unemployment on youth development in Nigeria’s economic.
5. To identify how the problem of youth unemployment can be solved.

CHAPTER TWO

RELATED LITERATURE REVIEW

 INTRODUCTION

Here in this research work, effort shall be made here by the researcher to review other related literature put together by other renounced researchers and authors on the subject under study the impact of unemployment on youth development and nation building.

THE CONCEPT OF YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT

Unemployment occurs when people are without jobs and they have actively sought for job within the past four weeks (Wikipedia 2010). Unemployment refers to a situation where people who are willing and capable of working are unable to find suitable paid employment (Fajana 2000:97). Unemployment has been defined as a situation in which people who are willing to work at the prevailing wage rate are unable to find jobs. It is one of the macro-economic problems which every responsible government is expected to monitor and regulate. The higher the unemployment rate in an economy the higher would be the poverty level and associated welfare challenges. Unemployment is one of the developmental problems that face every developing economy in the 21st century (Patterson et al, 2006:167), and Nigeria is not exempted. Its impact is felt more by the youths, leading to youth unemployment. Unemployment is a global trend, but occurs mostly in developing countries of the world, with attendant social, economic, political, and psychological consequences. Thus, massive youth unemployment in any country is an indication of far more complex problems (Okafor, 2010315). Nigeria’s unemployment can be grouped into two categories:

1. The older unemployed who lost their jobs through retrenchment, redundancy or bankruptcy.
2. The younger unemployed, most of who have never tasted what it is to be employed (Oyebade, 2003:29).

Youth unemployment, could be described as the conglomerate of youths with diverse background, willing and able to work, but cannot find any. When the supply of labour outstrips the demand for labour, it causes joblessness and unemployment. Given the lack of sufficient employment opportunities in the formal sector, young people may be compelled to engage in casual work and other unorthodox livelihood sources, thus leading to underemployment Echebiri, (2005:12). According Gibb & George, (1990:13) the statistics from the Manpower Board and the Federal Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria has a youth population of 80 million, representing 60% of the total population of the country. 64 million of them are unemployed, while 1.6 million are under-employed. The 2000 – 2011 data on youth unemployment showed that the largest group of the unemployed is the secondary school graduates. There are also 40% unemployment rate among urban youth aged 20 – 24 and a 31% rate among those aged 15 – 19. Two-third of the urban unemployed ranges from 15 – 24 years old. Moreover, the educated unemployed tended to be young males and females with few dependents.

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CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

INTRODUCTION

This chapter attempts to present the methods and procedures adopted in carrying out the study. The chapter further shows the Research design, population of the study, sample and sampling technique, instrumentation, Plan for data analysis, problems of data collection, simple percentage method anddata presentation and analyses technique.

RESEARCH DESIGN

This study adopts the descriptive survey design. This method is considered most appropriate because it will enable the researcher to carry out an extensive research on the subject under study.

POPULATION OF THE STUDY  

Since Afikpo, Ivo and Ikwo Local Government Area is use as the case study of the research work, as such the staff hereby constitutes the population of the study.

CHATER FOUR

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULT

 INTRODUCTION

This chapter deals with the presentation of the data with special focus on responses gathered as a result of the administration of questionnaire.

CHAPTER FIVE

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

INTRODUCTION

This is the final chapter of the research work. It contains the summary of this research work, including the major highlight of each of findings of this study and recommendation.

 SUMMARY

This study was undertaken to show the impact of unemployment on youth development and nation building, using Afikpo, Ivo and Ikwo Local Government as a cases study. The existence of unemployment in the country is a serious problem and the problem has been getting worse over the years especially with the introduction of free education at all level of the educational system by the federal government. The social and economic implication of this unemployment is indeed serious problem and call for urgent action and policy formulation, which will reduce it if it cannot be eliminated. Different countries have tackled their unemployment problems with different strategies and methods. China has used the massive manufacturing and export approach while India is using the Service Industry to meaningfully engage her massive population. China and India belong to the BRIC countries which are characterized by large population and strong emerging economies. It is a pity that youths and graduate who are qualified, willing and able to work cannot find a job and as such earn nothing. They cannot handle any family or societal responsibility which broods at them every second. Such individuals are frustrated hence time bond. They are vulnerable and can be used by scrupulous elements in the society to pervade all sorts of crime and mayhem, which they would outrightlyabhour should they were productively engaged or gainfully employed. A succor that youth development brings to both the individuals and the society at large. If the Nigerian government must revitalize its economy, reduce unemployment progressively, and generate more employment opportunities, a paradigm shift in policy that is critical to effective entrepreneurship development becomes imperative.

 CONCLUSION

From all indications, youth unemployment is a menace in Nigeria and constitutes a real danger and a threat to Nigeria’s democracy. This is because these youth could be manipulated to undermine the stability of Nigeria’s democracy at any point in time. Against this background, there is the need by government at all levels and other stakeholders to embark on massive job creation to take these youths off the streets. Granted, there may not be a quick fix to this problem, but all the stakeholders must as a matter of fact do something urgently. Some of the suggested ways of tackling this problem may include but not limited the following;

1. Government must play its constitutional role by creating enabling socio-economic and political environment including the provision of infrastructure to make industrial climate investment friendly. This will encourage investors to invest and thereby create jobs in order to absorb the unemployed youths.
2. It is said that Nigerian employers often complain that graduates from the Nigerian tertiary institutions are unemployable. Although this may not have presented adequately the true picture of a typical Nigerian graduate from a tertiary institution in Nigeria, the fact still remains that there is the need to reinvigorate and overhaul the entire educational system at all levels to create room for entrepreneurial education so the Nigerian tertiary education graduates will become job creators rather than job seekers. Hence, teachers at all levels of education must be properly rewarded and motivated in this regard.
3. Government must not relent in the crusade against all forms of corruption in public and private lives in Nigeria. As noted earlier, most scholars and institutions have identified Nigeria as one the most corrupt countries in the world. This posture does not give Nigeria a good image. In fact, scholars often wondered why a country as rich as Nigeria with enormous human and natural resources has remained perpetually poor and underdeveloped. The main factor that has been identified to have contributed largely to this is massive looting of public treasury at all levels of government by the past and present rulers. Therefore government must support the various anti-corruption agencies and bodies to carry out their mandates successful so that funds meant to development projects utilized appropriately. This will lead to job creation that will absorb most unemployed youths in Nigeria.
4. Democracy is a journey not a destination. For Nigeria, it is a learning process. As a matter of fact it may not be a perfect system of government, but it has several advantages over other systems. People including the Nigerian youths must feel the positive impact of democracy in their lives. The situation whereby only a few privileged persons in positions of authority benefit from this system of government and the expense of the impoverished masses portends a great and real danger that may incur the wrath of the unemployed youths in Nigeria if not addressed urgently.

RECOMMEMDATION

1. That there should be a massive reduction in the political corruption index of the country to enable youth development to thrive. This is because corruption, which has permeated the entire social structure of Nigeria, has robbed the country of developing a vibrant economic base as funds meant for development projects have been misappropriated, diverted, embezzled and stashed away in foreign bank accounts, while some incompetent and corrupt bureaucrats and administrators in the public enterprises and parastatals have liquidated their organizations. It is a pity that each successive government took turns to prey on the nation’s wealth, by using public power, resources, good will, utilities, instrument of abuse, and personal gains
2. The government may not be able to create job enough for the teaming millions of Nigerian unemployed youths, and therefore should embark upon massive youth development programmes in all the states of the federation with entrepreneurial skills acquisition and entrepreneurship development as a key target hence a viable intervening tool for unemployment.
3. The National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) being the highest mobilizer of Youths and graduates who are mostly faced with the youth unemployment saga should be re-modeled to suit today’s trend of youth unemployment. By re-modeling, we mean that government should stop using NYSC to create cheap and unsolicited labour, instead, the mobilized graduates should be made to identify any skill of their choice which they will like to continue as business after NYSC should white collar job is not forthcoming. But for those in the education sector, they should use nine months to learn the act of teaching proper in an established institution and use the remaining three months to do teaching practice, so that at the end of the service year, the mobilized youths (graduates) will have been acquainted and equipped in the act of entrepreneurship and would have learnt a basic employment generateable skill, get certified and then wait for the government to sponsor their identified entrepreneurial project.
4. That government should embark on rural development such as rural industrialization and electrification to curtail rural-urban drift. In engendering rural development, rural roads should be built, infrastructures provided to ensure that the rural areas are attractive to live in. this will enable the possibility of youths staying in the rural areas and getting productively engaged.
5. The general school curriculum should be remodeled to inculcate technical skill acquisition which will help even secondary school graduates to have employable skills. This is against the complain that Nigerian graduates are unemployable leading to youths unemployment.

 REFERENCES

• Adebayo, A. (1999). “Youth Unemployment and the National Directorate of Employment, Self-employment Programmes”.The Nigerian Journal of Economics and Social Studies, 41(1).Adejumola, A.S. and Tayo-Olajubutu, T.O. (2009).Spinning off an entrepreneurship culture among Nigerian university studies: Prospect and challenges.African Journal of Business Management, Vol. 3(3), pp. 80 – 88.
• Allawadi SC (2010). Entrepreneurship Challenges in 21st Century”, Indian Institute of Materials Management, Mumbai.
• Awogbenle AC and Iwuamadi KC (2010). Youth Unemployment: Entrepreneurship
• Anyakoha IL., (2006). Practical Tips for Economic Empowerment and Survival, Nsukka: AP Express.
• Alanana, O.O. (2003). Youth Unemployment in Nigeria: Some Implications for the Third Millennium. Global Journal of Social Sciences, 2(1), 21 – 26.
• Anasi, S.N. (2010). Curbing youth restiveness in Nigeria: the role of information and libraries.Library philosophy of practice. Retrieved 20/1/12.

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