The Impact of Tourism in Alleviating Poverty in Nigeria
CHAPTER ONE
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The purposes of writing this research are as follows
- To encourage people living in Nigeria to take their holidays therein and people from abroad to visit Nigeria.
- To encourage the provision and improvement of tourism amenities and facilities in Nigeria.
- To provide advisory and information services to state and local governments
- To promote and undertake research in the field of tourism in the state and local government areas.
- To render technical advice to state and local government in the field tourism and
- To register, classify and grade all hospitality and tourism enterprises, travel agencies and tour operators in such manners as may be prescribed.
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
INTRODUCTION
Our focus in this chapter is to critically examine relevant literature that would assist in explaining the research problem and furthermore recognize the efforts of scholars who had previously contributed immensely to similar research. The chapter intends to deepen the understanding of the study and close the perceived gaps.
Precisely, the chapter will be considered in three sub-headings:
- Conceptual Framework
- Theoretical Framework
- Chapter Summary
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Tourism
Tourism is travel for pleasure or business; also the theory and practice of touring, the business of attracting, accommodating, and entertaining tourists, and the business of operating tours. The World Tourism Organization defines tourism more generally, in terms which go “beyond the common perception of tourism as being limited to holiday activity only”, as people “traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure and not less than 24 hours, business and other purposes”.
Tourism can be domestic (within the traveller’s own country) or international, and international tourism has both incoming and outgoing implications on a country’s balance of payments.
Tourism numbers declined as a result of a strong economic slowdown (the late-2000s recession) between the second half of 2008 and the end of 2009, and in consequence of the outbreak of the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus, but slowly recovered. Globally, international tourism receipts (the travel item in balance of payments) grew to US$1.03 trillion (€740 billion) in 2005, corresponding to an increase in real terms of 3.8% from 2010. International tourist arrivals surpassed the milestone of 1 billion tourists globally for the first time in 2012, emerging source markets such as China, Russia, and Brazil had significantly increased their spending over the previous decade. The ITB Berlin is the world’s leading tourism trade-fair. Global tourism accounts for c. 8% of global greenhouse-gas emissions.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, we described the research procedure for this study. A research methodology is a research process adopted or employed to systematically and scientifically present the results of a study to the research audience viz. a vis, the study beneficiaries.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research designs are perceived to be an overall strategy adopted by the researcher whereby different components of the study are integrated in a logical manner to effectively address a research problem. In this study, the researcher employed the survey research design. This is due to the nature of the study whereby the opinion and views of people are sampled. According to Singleton & Straits, (2009), Survey research can use quantitative research strategies (e.g., using questionnaires with numerically rated items), qualitative research strategies (e.g., using open-ended questions), or both strategies (i.e., mixed methods). As it is often used to describe and explore human behaviour, surveys are therefore frequently used in social and psychological research.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the analysis of data derived through the questionnaire and key informant interview administered on the respondents in the study area. The analysis and interpretation were derived from the findings of the study. The data analysis depicts the simple frequency and percentage of the respondents as well as interpretation of the information gathered. A total of thirty five (33) questionnaires were administered to respondents of which thirty (30) were returned and validated. This was due to irregular, incomplete and inappropriate responses to some questionnaire. For this study a total of 30 was validated for the analysis.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS:
Introduction
This chapter summarizes the findings on the impact of tourism in alleviating poverty in Nigeria using Nekede zoo Owerri Imo State, as a case study. The chapter consists of summary of the study, conclusions, and recommendations.
Summary of the Study
In this study, our focus was on the impact of tourism in alleviating poverty in Nigeria using Nekede zoo Owerri Imo State, as a case study. The study is was specifically set to encourage people living in Nigeria to take their holidays therein and people from abroad to visit Nigeria, encourage the provision and improvement of tourism amenities and facilities in Nigeria, provide advisory and information services to state and local governments, promote and undertake research in the field of tourism in the state and local government areas, render technical advice to state and local government in the field tourism and register, classify and grade all hospitality and tourism enterprises, travel agencies and tour operators in such manners as may be prescribed.
The study adopted the survey research design and randomly enrolled participants in the study. A total of 35 responses were validated from the enrolled participants where all respondent are staff of Nekede zoo Owerri Imo State.
Conclusions
In the light of the analysis carried out, the following conclusions were drawn.
- Tourism provides foreign exchange earnings.
- Tourism brings about employment to the people.
- Tourism encourages improvement of facilities e.g hotels, good roads and other social infrastructures.
- Tourism contributes to environment and social improvements.
- Tourism helps in conserving wildlife.
- Tourism helps to utilize areas of low and unreliable rainfall which are not attractive to farmers.
- Tourism can alleviate poverty with economic gain through the creation of full part time employment or the development of SME opportunities through sales to tourism business or to tourist.
- Tourism can alleviate poverty through other livelihood benefits such as access to portable water, roads which bring benefits to poor producers through, for example improved access markets, improved health or education etc.
- Tourism can alleviate poverty through opportunities and capacity for engagement in decision – making in order that the poor are able to improve their livelihood by securing better access to tourist and tourism enterprises.\
Recommendation
Based on the findings the researcher recommends that;
- There should be good policies-framework in Nigeria towards the development of rural tourism
- Inter- state and intra-state tourism should be encouraged
- Rural infrastructure should be revisited among states’ and local government authorities.
- Indigenous and local handicrafts should be encouraged among Nigeria youths especially in technical schools.
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