The Impact of Industrialization on Rural Development
Chapter One
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The ultimate objectives of this study are;-
- To determine the benefits of industrialization to the Akamkpa Local Government community.
- To find out how the lives of people living in Akamkpa Local Government can be improved through industrialization.
- To find out why Akamkpa Local Government is not yet industrialized.
- To highlight the methods of encouraging industrialization in Akamkpa Local Government area
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
INTRODUCTION
Rural communities are facing major challenges today which arise mainly from industrialization, globalisation, demographic change and the rural migration of young, well-trained people. Policies for rural areas aim to contribute to recognising and making use of strengths and opportunities.
With its rural policies Nigeria aims at ensuring that the infrastructural prerequisites for decent living conditions in rural areas are fulfilled and that existing and new potentials are developed through economic development in the region. Environmental concerns are also considered and integrated during the planning phase of programmes of measures to support rural areas. A large share of policies targeted at land use in rural areas serves to promote agrobiodiversity and environmental measures in agriculture. Access to services and infrastructure is generally available nationwide in Nigeria (drinking water supply, sewage treatment, mail, telecommunications, transport). The quality of these services, however, differs from region to region. One field which needs improvement is sewage treatment where, for economic reasons, the number of decentralised systems is growing. The call for nationwide access to broadband in the field of IT and telecommunications creates new challenges. Furthermore, employment opportunities are not always sufficiently available in rural regions. The Nigerian government is taking various measures to improve the situation.
Rural development in general is used to denote the actions and initiatives taken to improve the standard of living in non-urban neighborhoods, countryside, and remote villages. These communities can be exemplified with a low ratio of inhabitants to open space. Agricultural activities may be prominent in this case whereas economic activities would relate to the primary sector, production of foodstuffs and raw materials.
There are many research relating to industrialization on rural development. It has been posited that industrialization through foreign investors can exert a positive effect on economic growth rate (Blomstrom, Lipsey, & Zegan, 1994). They further argued that the industrialization contribution to the economic growth rate is dependent on the threshold level of income. This means that, below the threshold level of income, the contribution of industries to economic growth is not significant and above the threshold, it is significant.
This is because it is only countries that have reached a certain income level that can benefit effectively from the packages of those industries and foreign investors. Such packages are new technologies, human capital development and managerial skills. Shafaeddin (2005) analysed economic performance of a sample of developing countries that have undertaken economic reforms since the early 1980s with the objective of expanding exports and diversification in favour of the manufacturing sector.
In China, it is very arduous to realize the rural-urban transition. This is not only because China’s agriculture has been backward and the rural population too large, but also because the policy of “rural-urban segregation” has been implemented for a long time. In 1980, the proportion of rural population in the national was highly 80.61%. Under these special environments, the emergence and rapid growth of rural industrialization since the reforms has been taking a deep and long effect on the rural-urban transition in economic space. Firstly, the technologies of rural industry are situated between the traditional and the modern, these multi-level technologies can cut down the economic and social costs of the transformation and shorten the time to complete the structure transformation.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
This chapter deals with the method used in collecting data required in carrying out this research work it explains the procedures that were followed and the instrument used in collecting data.
SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION
Data were collected from two main sources namely:
- Primary source and
- Secondary source
Primary source:
These are materials of statistical investigation which were collected by the research for a particular purpose. They can be obtained through a survey, observation questionnaire or as experiment, the researcher has adopted the questionnaire method for this study.
Secondary source:
These are data from textbook Journal handset etc. they arise as byproducts of the same other purposes. Example administration, various other unpublished works and write ups were also used.
POPULATION OF THE STUDY
Population of a study is a group of persons or aggregate items, things the researcher is interested in getting information for the study the impact of industrialization on rural development. The researchers randomly select 200 staffs of United Cement Company of Nigeria (field and contract staffs) as the population of the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Introduction
Efforts will be made at this stage to present, analyze and interpret the data collected during the field survey. This presentation will be based on the responses from the completed questionnaires. The result of this exercise will be summarized in tabular forms for easy references and analysis. It will also show answers to questions relating to the research questions for this research study. The researcher employed simple percentage in the analyzing the data obtained.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
INTRODUCTION
It is important to ascertain that the main objective of this study was to examine the impact of industrialization on rural development.
In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges hindering industrialization especially in the rural region or area.
SUMMARY
From the findings, it was found that rural industries are associated has both merits and demerits impacts in rural development in Akamkpa LGA, the benefits the bring about include provision of clean water, electricity, road construction, and support for education and health services as well as creation of employment opportunities and growth of small businesses. In addition, the community-based (or local actors) alternative approaches to development are likely to supplement government’s efforts (or state actors). For example, the growth of microcredit groups and host communities tax provides capital for small businesses and thus reducing high levels of poverty associated with limited opportunities in the area. Consequently, this drives down crime and attracts more investments to the industrial zones in Akamkpa LGA. In addition, rural industrial parks were found to encourage labour migration across the countries which contribute positively to cohesion among various sociocultural and ethnic groups of Nigeria. Although the negative effects include health hazards like the dust from the plant, contamination of natural water supplies, cancerous infections on livestock and indigenes etc. The economic viability of the company to these communities can never be overemphasized, as indigenous graduates has the upper hands to gaining contracts and employment in the factory. Reducing gangsters and providing adequate security to the communities and investors.
CONCLUSION
This study was focused on the impact of industrialization on rural development in Akamkpa LGA in Cross River State, Nigeria. Some macroeconomic indicators is the dependent variable while manufacturing output, exchange rate, interest rate and inflation are independent variables. The conclusion emerging from this study is that in general, industrialization has both positive and negative impact on rural development in Nigeria. This implies that good policy measures should be put in place to improve human capital development so as to make people capable of using modern technology and to diffuse it in the industrial output thereby improving the overall productivity of all the sectors and ensure sustainable development.
RECOMMENDATIONS
The government should create a good environment for industrial growth through:
1. Provision of good governance mechanism and a good legal framework to protect property rights
- Improvement of the judiciary and the security system to minimize the crime rate and terrorism in the country
- Improve on social and economic infrastructure, especially electricity supply, the transportation system and good functional education. This can reduce the cost of production, improve the diffusion of technology and make Nigerian manufacturers more competitive
- Improved industrial policy and
- Creating an enabling environment for investment
- Put measures in place to ensure local sales and also export of manufactured products.
Reference
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- Blomstrom, M., Lipsey, R., & Zegan, M. (1994). What Explains Developing Countries Growth? NBER Working Paper, 4132.
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