Environmental Management Project Topics

The Effects of Poor Personal and Environmental Hygiene on Patient Recovery in Bwari Local Government Area Abuja

The Effects of Poor Personal and Environmental Hygiene on Patient Recovery in Bwari Local Government Area Abuja

The Effects of Poor Personal and Environmental Hygiene on Patient Recovery in Bwari Local Government Area Abuja

CHAPTER ONE

Objectivesย of theย study

Theย purposeย ofย thisย studyย isย toย investigateย theย health recovery problemsย associatedย withย poor personal and environmental hygiene in Bwari LGA.

Specificย Objectives

  1. To investigate the diseases that affect humans due to poor personal and environmental hygiene.
  2. To describe the measures which the health facilities (Ministry of Health) have put in place to minimize the challenges of patient recovery associated with improper waste management.
  3. To explore possible sustainable mitigation measures to challenges of improper waste management in Bwari LGA.

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

INTRODUCTION

Thisย chapterย focusesย onย differentย perspectivesย thatย differentย scholars/researchersย haveย givenย onย poor personal and environmental hygiene. Data and work done by others be review. Theย literature review will be conducted through empirical perspectives. Mainly research findingsย shallย beย reviewed.

Managementย ofย solidย wasteย at aย global scale

Solid waste management has been described as a cornerstone to the prevention of communicable diseases as well as the creation of beauty in towns and cities (Flintoff, 2015). Poor management of solid waste adversely affects nature resulting into environmental degradation the eventually leads to ill health for the people. The visual offensiveness of street litter and the destruction of beauty of the countryside by uncontrolled dumping of solid waste are distressing. The ramifications of improperly disposing of waste products are immense. Not only does improper garbage disposal turn the environment into a nasty, polluted cesspool but it also has the potential of making people sick. The improper disposal of solid waste can lead to severe health outcomes by creating the environment for the proliferation of vectors such as rats, cockroaches and mosquitoes. Further, improper waste disposal can lead to the pollution of the air and water sources leading to such diseases as respiratory tract infections (RTIs) cholera, dysentery and typhoid fever. It can cause skin conditions like scabies and Trachoma (a preventable eye disease in which the eyelashes eventually invert, leading to blindness). Parasites living in dirty water can cause diseases like dracunculiasis and schistosomiasis. (Riquelme ; Mรฉndez; & Smith; 2016) In most developing countries the major problem in towns and cities is the poor and uncoordinated planning of residential and commercial areas. Lack of planning often shows itself in the form of inadequate provision of social services. This in turn encourages indiscriminate dumping of solid waste. The spontaneous settlements are relatively a new phenomenon which is giving rise to a number of sanitary problems in most developing countries, one of them being solid waste management. These informal settlements are often situated outside the boundaries of the cities and towns but are functionally part of the cityย because the majority of the inhabitants earn their living in the city (UNEP, 1995). Sanitaryย conditionsย in urbanย settlements areย frequently worseย than thoseย in remoteย rural areas.

Aย lotย hasย beenย said,ย written,ย andย demonstratedย aboutย theย inadequaciesย inย solidย wasteย management and its associated problems. According to the United Nations Conference onย Human Settlement report, one third to one-half of solid waste generated within most cities inย low- and middle-income countries, of which Nigeria is no exception, are not collected. Theyย usuallyย end upย as illegalย dumps onย streets, openย spaces, andย waste landsย (UNCHS, 1996).

Despite the importance of adequate solid waste management to the urban environment, theย performance of many city authorities in this respect leaves much to be desired. According toย Malombe (1993), irregular services rendered to producers of refuse by municipal councilsย compel them to find ways of disposing of refuse. He observed that the main methods adoptedย byย the producers areย burning, composting, orย indiscriminate dumping.

This is very pertinent in Nigeria where waste management services are largely inefficient andย ineffective. It is estimated that about 83% of the population dump their refuse in eitherย authorised or unauthorised sites in their neighbourhood, and due to weak capacity to handleย solidย waste, unsanitary conditions areย created (Bennehย et al., 1993).

 

CHAPTERย THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Introduction

The overview of this chapter is to discuss the procedures and methodology that will be used in data collection and analysis. The aspects discussed include research design, study site and population, sampling and sample size, data collection methods and analysis. The ethical matters will also be considered here. Finally, the chapter concludes with the limitations of the study.

Researchย Design

Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to generate data for the study. Qualitative methods were used to evaluate and understand the waste management process and this gave an opportunity to use multiple source of evidence which increased validity and reliability in the findings to identify the bottle neck issues embedded within the process. Interviews, observation and interpretation of texts, including in-formal discussions were the major qualitative methods adopted. Quantitative methods adopted were the use of questionnaires.

A case study design was adopted in this study. According to Rangaih (2012), a case study is an all inclusive research method that uses source of evidence to analyse or evaluate specific phenomenon. Based on this definition, the study used to a case study design as it allowed in depth study on the subject.

Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to generate data for the study. Qualitative methods were used to evaluate and understand the waste management process and this gave an opportunity to use multiple source of evidence which increased validity and reliability in the findings to identify the bottle neck issues embedded within the process. Interviews, observation and interpretation of texts, including in-formal discussions were the major qualitative methods adopted. Quantitative methods adopted were the use of questionnaires.

Aย caseย studyย wasย helpfulย toย facilitateย anย in-depthย analysisย ofย theย findingsย andย logicalย explanationsย but also help in yielding qualitative data.

CHAPTER FOUR

PRESENTATIONย OFย FINDINGS

Introduction

The chapter presents the data collected from the questionnaires, interviews as well as observation on the impact of poor personal and environmental hygiene on patient recovery in Bwari LGA in Bwari of Abuja district, Nigeria. Data is presented in tabular and explanations given. The tables and graphs were used because they are easy and simple to follow. A brief explanation has been given to each table at the bottom.

CHAPTERย FIVE

CONCLUSIONSย ANDย RECOMMENDATIONS

ย 

 

5.1 Conclusion

ย 

The research conducted detected numerous factors and constraints that negatively impact on patient recovery due to improper dumping of solid waste in Bwari LGA. Provision ofย waste containers in the markets, waste collection vehicles and other logistics could preventย indiscriminate waste dumping, burning and other forms of waste disposal to curb the menaceย ofย environmentalย hazardsย solidย wasteย generates.ย Introductionย ofย goodย integratedย wasteย managementย systemย couldย promoteย moreย recyclingย ofย wasteย materialsย intoย compost,ย bioย energyย andย otherย formsย ofย rawย materialsย thatย couldย beย usedย byย industriesย asย wellย asย reducingย environmentalย pollution.ย Theseย canย beย achievedย ifย AMACย focusesย attentionย moreย onย securingย theย dumpsiteย byย increasingย securityย management,ย incorporatingย prudentย policiesย asย wellย asย allocating enough funds to conduct community sensitisation and conducts disease awarenessย campaigns on a regular basis in corroboration with Public health office for all operations toย workย efficientlyย toย achieveย formidableย result.ย Introductionย ofย Publicย Privateย Partnershipย (PPP)ย in the waste management sector could also help to address some technical, economic andย financialย challenges in solid waste management.

 

Government has come up with measures which has led to disease control this is evident thatย Nigeria has not experience cholera cases in the year 2019 to 2023. Hygiene measure inย communityย and health facilities haveย also been putย in place.

ย 

5.2 Recommendations

ย 

The study however has finalised by providing policy recommendations on how to improveย welfare of cityโ€™s poor under the current development framework and the discussion of theย recommendationsย isย shaped byย different socialย protection conceptualย frameworks.

  • Ministry health should start early community sensitization for them to catch up with other areas, which comes unpassable during rainy season.
  • members of the public in the Waste Management Districts should be educated on the policy guidelines regulating the operations of private companies collecting garbage
  • Public health team to distribute chlorine on time in the community for water treatment in order to overcome cholera.
  • Sensitization of cholera, typhoid fever and malaria should be an on-going thing not when rainy season is near.
  • Abuja Council to engage other stakeholders like private sectors in terms of Garbage collection in the community and dumpsite management
  • On preventive measures, Government should put hand pump boreholes in areas where they use shallow wells waters for cooking and drinking.
  • The government must establish community health education centres where members of the community can access information regarding proper solid waste disposal and diseases
  • Families must be assisted in determining what is going on in their household which can be led to disease outbreak and tremendous restructuring, rethinking, shift the culture in the community and the culture we have at approaching the
  • Scavengers should not be encouraged at the dumpsite
  • Conduct waste management review meetings at the dumpsite and encourage physical check by AMAC management in corroboration with health facilities.
  • Train community-based volunteers who will be used for continuous sensitisation on the impact of improper solid waste disposal on patient recovery.
  • In order to attract successful private investment in solid waste management, AMAC need to establish a strategic framework tailored to local conditions

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