The Effect of Urbanization and Unemployment on the Nigerian Economy
CHAPTER ONE
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The objectives of the study are:
- To examine the relationship between urbanization and unemployment in the development of
- To determine the implication of urbanization on the development of Nigeria GDP per
- To determine also the implication of unemployment of
CHAPTER TWO
Review of Literature Theoretical Review on urbanization
Urbanization or urban drift is the physical growth of urban area is a result migration and even suburban concentration into cities, particularly the very largest ones.
The united Nations projected that half of the world’s population would live in urban areas at the end of 2008.
Urbanization is closely linked to modernization, industrialization and the sociological process of rationalization. Urbanization can describe specific condition at a set of time is the proportion overtime. So the term urbanization can represent the level of urban relative to over all populations or it can represent the rate at which the urban proportion is increasing.
Urbanization is not merely a phenomenon, but a rapid and historic transformation of human social roots on a global scale, whereby predominately village culture is being rapidly replaced by predominantly urban culture the last major change in settlement patterns was the accumulation of linter- gathers into villages many thousand years ago. Village culture is characterized by distant bloodiness, unfamiliar relations and Competitive behavior. This unprecedented movement of people is forecast to continue and intensity in the few decades, mushrooming cities to sizes in comprehensible only a century ago.
As more people leave villages and farms to in cities urban growth results. The rapid growth to live in cities like Chicago in the late 19th century Tokyo in the mid twentieth can be attributed largely to rural urban migration. This kind of growth is especially common place in developing countries. This phenomenal growth can also be attributed to the live of not just economic opportunities but to loss or deregulation of farm land rand pastureland due to development, pollution, land grabs or con flints the attraction and arrogantly of hedonistic pleasures of urban areas, proximity and case of mass transport as well as the opportunity to asst individualism.
The rapid urbanization of the world’s population over the twentieth century is described in the 2005 revision of the UN world urbanization prospects report. The global proportion of urban population rose dramatically from 13% (220 million) in 1900 to 29% (732m) in 1950, to 49% (3.2 m) in 2005. The same projected that the figure is likely to rise 60% (4.9 m) by 2030.
According to the UN State of the world population 2007 report, sometimes in the middle of 2007 the majority of people worldwide will be living in towns a cities, for the first time in history this is referred to as the annual of the urban millennium or the “tipping point”. In regard to future fiends, it is estimated 93% of urban growth occurring in Asia and Africa.
Urbanization rates vary between countries. The United States and United Kingdom have a far higher urbanization kuel from China, India, Swaziland or Niger, but a far slower annual urbanization rate since much less of the population is going in a rural area. Some nations make a distribution between suburban and urban areas, while others do not indeed, human conditions within such areas differ greatly.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Urbanization and Unemployment: These are important macroeconomicvariables that affect the economic performance of The purpose of this research is to empirically study and review the relationship among variables (urbanization, unemployment, population, inflation and real Gross Domestic product (RGDP) rate and their determinants).
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
PRESENTATION OF REGRESSION RESULT
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
The objectives of this study are examine the effect of urbanization and unemployment on the Nigeria economy. With the data obtained followed by the statistical method used, the researchers were able to analyses the statistical information and test formulated hypothesis.
From the test of hypothesis, it was recorded that unemployment has significant impact on the GDP with negative relationship on GDP while urbanization has significant impact with positive relationship on GDP.
SUMMARY
Urbanization and unemployment have indeed become a thorn in the flesh of successive government in Nigeria. The economic hardship in the country today has been worsened by the unending problem posted by urbanization and unemployment among youths. The face is that unemployment among youths. The face is that unemployment also exists in rural areas but predominant in urban centre where there are opportunities for paid job wish attractive remunerations that attracts young women and me from the rural areas.
More so, the consequences of such inflow of able bodies men and women into the urban centre coupled with high rate of unemployment lead to several vices such as robbery, prostitution, drug trafficking which are of adverse effect to the economy.
CONCLUSION
In order to evaluate this study, the researchers went through collection of secondary data which were statistically analyzed. The results obtained from the statistical analysis carried out by the researchers, unemployment has significant impact on the gross domestic product of Nigeria and as unemployment increases GDP decreases ie unemployment has a negative relationship with GDP.
As rate of urbanization increases, the rate of unemployment also increases the two moves in the same direction. This is because of the unattractiveness of the rural area which through rural – urban migration pushes up the population of the urban area more than it can accommodates in terms of facilities and job opportunities. This situation of rural – urban migration creates large scale Unemployment among youths which encourages the development of illegal activities and in term leads to decline in productivity and development of the economy.
RECOMMENDATION
In the course of this study, so many observations were made these observations how that if appropriate step are not taken quickly to arrest the situation, the problem will get out of hand.
Therefore, the following recommendations are made based on the findings:
- Availability of Agriculture facilities such a tractor incubators will make agriculture attractive in rural areas and decrease the rural–urban migration of the young
- Government in collaboration with private sector could make and implement programme for rural upliftement such as health care programmes, housing loans, electricity, water supply So that they will not have interest to migrate to urban areas.
- The control of population growth through persuasion, legislations reduction in absolute pourly and inequality particularly among women and general education should be embarked upon since population has out-numbered the available resources thereby leading to unemployment.
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