The Effect of Personnel and Development on Crime Prevention and Control
Chapter One
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
This research work is done to achieve the solution to the problem of crime and these are listed below:
- To establish personnel training and development as a solution to the problem of crime
- To examine the nature and the causes of crime in the country.
- To ascertain the socio-economic problems in Nigeria
- To strategize plans on how the problem of crime can be solved.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Conceptual clarification Crime
Like other concepts in social sciences, it is very difficult to define. In some cultures, crime means any act that causes a disturbance of order and a deterioration of public safety. In other societies, crime constitutes a steady descent into social disorder because it rest on the society. Sociologically, crime is seen as anti social conduct or behavior that disrupts the norms of society. A norm is any normal or rule concerning what human beings should or should not think, say or do, under given circumstances. In criminal law, crime refers to any act or omission which entices sanctions such as imprisonment, fines, or even death. This definition concurred with that of Dambazau who views crime as an act or omission contrary to public interest, and which is prescribed by act passed by the parliament in the general interests of the society, and to which prescribed penalty is attached in the occasion of violation and it involves four basic values which are moral wrong, public wrong, law and punishment for the criminal. Criminologists conclude that crime has two major features (1)A criminal action which is either a commission or an omission and (2) mental element which is kwon as the criminal intent/committed. The two features may pose serious danger to the physical life and property and mental health of the people. Therefore, crimes must have these two features because in the absence of one, then there is no crime
Emergence of community policing
Community policing emerged out of public distrust and reactions to the inability of the police to protect them and the disconnection between the public and the police in the community. According to Takagi et al. (2016), the participation of community members (tied with common values and social bonds or friendship ties) has positive effect on crime prevention and control. The over reliance on the traditional (professional) policing style neglected the contributions of members of the community in crime prevention and problem solving. It made policing to be reactionary without effective engagement of the public to proactively prevent crime and solve problems. The main focus of community policing is problem-solving and community engagement through partnership in crime prevention (Cordner, 1998). According to Kelling and Moore (1988), and Lee et al. (2019); for policing style to be recognized as community policing, there has to be included some type of consultation or collaboration between the police and local citizens for the purpose of defining, prioritizing, and/or solving problems. According to Diarmaid (2018), Police partnership with the public is the cornerstone of the contemporary policing. The people present a viable human resource if effectively mobilized for crime prevention and control. The challenge in Nigeria is that the police is a colonial creation, created mainly to enforce colonial laws and not necessarily to serve the security needs of the people. So right from inception, the police in Nigeria were not recruited and trained to serve the people. This deprivation of service to the people has been sustained through police maltreatment of the public in the stations or in the streets as suspects. The public are therefore apprehensive of partnering with the police in crime prevention and control. This growing mutual suspicion between the public and the police is the major challenge affecting community participation in crime prevention in rural Nigeria.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, we described the research procedure for this study. A research methodology is a research process adopted or employed to systematically and scientifically present the results of a study to the research audience viz. a vis, the study beneficiaries.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research designs are perceived to be an overall strategy adopted by the researcher whereby different components of the study are integrated in a logical manner to effectively address a research problem. In this study, the researcher employed the survey research design. This is due to the nature of the study whereby the opinion and views of people are sampled. According to Singleton & Straits, (2009), Survey research can use quantitative research strategies (e.g., using questionnaires with numerically rated items), qualitative research strategies (e.g., using open-ended questions), or both strategies (i.e., mixed methods). As it is often used to describe and explore human behaviour, surveys are therefore frequently used in social and psychological research.
POPULATION OF THE STUDY
According to Udoyen (2019), a study population is a group of elements or individuals as the case may be, who share similar characteristics. These similar features can include location, gender, age, sex or specific interest. The emphasis on study population is that it constitute of individuals or elements that are homogeneous in description.
This study was carried to examine the effect of personnel and development on crime prevention and control. Kogi state form the population of the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the analysis of data derived through the questionnaire and key informant interview administered on the respondents in the study area. The analysis and interpretation were derived from the findings of the study. The data analysis depicts the simple frequency and percentage of the respondents as well as interpretation of the information gathered. A total of eighty (80) questionnaires were administered to respondents of which only seventy-seven (77) were returned and validated. This was due to irregular, incomplete and inappropriate responses to some questionnaire. For this study a total of 77 was validated for the analysis.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain the effect of personnel and development on crime prevention and control. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of the effect of personnel and development on crime prevention and control
Summary
This study was on the effect of personnel and development on crime prevention and control. two objectives were raised which included; To establish personnel training and development as a solution to the problem of crime, to examine the nature and the causes of crime in the country, to ascertain the socio-economic problems in Nigeria and to strategize plans on how the problem of crime can be solved. A total of 77 responses were received and validated from the enrolled participants where all respondents were drawn from Kogi state. Hypothesis was tested using Chi-Square statistical tool (SPSS).
Conclusion
Crime happens due to multiple factors, which may include; unemployment, poverty, poor shelter as well as other social features such as poor socialization and social interaction in which the adolescences try to emulate the obtainable norms of their households or peer-groups. However, criminal behaviors are learned, not a hereditary characteristic. This brings to the timely intervention by the parents and closer authorities which is local government. As the third tier of government, local government has a significant role to play, in the prevention and control of crime in the society from the grassroots.
Recommendation
The following recommendations are made to enhance a more secured rural environment and promote community partnership in crime prevention and control: Youths in the rural areas should be gainfully employed and trained on entrepreneurial skills and granted soft loans to start up small scale businesses by governments and other social organizations and community based Associations. This will ameliorate the hardship and temptations to steal by unemployed youths in rural areas. There should be adequate police patrol in rural areas to ward off would be criminals both day and night time. Rural community members must form vigilante groups, neighborhood watch and partner with police through community policing in preventing crime in their area. Government should provide infrastructure especially electricity in rural areas in Nigeria to promote sustainable economic life and diversification of economic activities by youths in rural areas. Security is every body’s business and to this end the family, schools, and religious bodies should be used to socialize members of the community on their roles and expected security awareness and actions in the community. Crime reporting to local leaders, family heads and the police should be made to become a way of life by all. There should be plans by government and the people to provide and maintain rural infrastructures like good roads, electricity, CCTV, drone and communication facilities to facilitate crime detection and control in rural.
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