The Antibacterial Activity on Three Types of Medicated Soaps (Detol,Isol,Tura) on Staphylococcus Aureus From Wound Infection
CHAPTER ONE
AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
- To isolate Staphylococcus aureus from wound infection.
- To determine the antibacterial activity of three medicated soap on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from wound infection.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Encyclopedia Britannica (1984) state that soap itself has germicidal power against some microorganisms and many of the certain synthetic detergents are strongly germicidal. Long unsaturated fatty acid such as Oleic acid, Hinlenric and hire either inform of free of soap have bacterial or bacteriostatic effect on many bacterial, especially on wound surface.
According to Lamo (1988) the sodium or potassium, acid content of these soap in a concentration of about 1/500 killed and dissolved pneumococci and that sodium ideate in a dilution as pneumococci and favoured their lyris by normal or immune serum.
Pollock (1988) also highlights that many other bacterial such as haemolytic streptococci, gonococci diphtheria bacilli bracelet and Erysipelothric resemble pneumococci in their sensitivity to soaps of unsaturated fatty acids.
The gram negative bacilli of coli-typhoid group are fairly susceptible to soaps of saturated fatty acids but are reentrant to soap of unsaturated fatty acids service according to Bellis et al (1988) most organisms die quickly in contact with medicated soap thereby alleviating the healing of the wounds though they differ in susceptibility e.g the negative cells of Bacilli mesenteries die with 10 second when the soap used in washing the wound surface contain steric acid and Palmitic acid.
Economous et al (1983) carried out bacteriological examination of medicated soap on wound infection when used in washing the surface dressing in this investigation fifty sample of soap available in the distribute of Aherm are for aerobic count of bacteria, total count of enterobacteriance for Enterococcus, Staphylococcus and pseudomonas aureginosa, out of the sample 58% were sterile while the other 32% contain other organisms lower than 104 per gram. Forty four were negative. The fungi isolated belong to the general Alternaria and penicillum.
Harrison and Crushare (1982) reported that bathing cleaning and showering with effective substance containing antiseptic such as chlorohexidine for several days decrease the post operative infection rate.
MEDICAL RELEVANCE OF ANTIMICROBIAL SOAP
Brandbery et al 9180) state that there is a reduction in infection rate of grain wound in vascular surgery from 17. 8 to 8.0% when patients showed on three occasion on pre-operatively with hexacholophene. Bathing with hexachlorophene has been shown to reduce wound infection in several studies carried out.
Hugo et al (1989) in a study of 23,649 operation obtained a reduction in infection rate from 2.6% to 1.3% when using hexachlorophene.
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS AND METHOD
METHOD
STERILIZATION
The test tube, pipettes, forceps were each wrapped differently with craft paper and sterilized in the hoot air oven for one hour and the already sterilized Petri dich were store at the temperature of 4%.
PREPARATION OF MEDIA
3.78g of MacConkey agar and 7.02g of Nutrient agar were weighed out separately and poured into a conical flask and 135ml of distilled water is measured to dissolved it and then autoclaved at 1210C for 5 minutes at 156psi poured into Petri dish and allowed to solidify.
COLLECTION OF THE SAMPLE
Twenty (20) stock culture of Staphylococcus aureus were collected form orthopedic hospital and was brought immediately to the laboratory.
DISC PREPARATION
What man filter paper were punched out with perforator as discs, sixty of it were punched, twenty (20) each were packed into the three transparent glass containers.
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULT
The table above shows the number of Staphylococcus collected which is 20 and the age range of 19 – 15 has the highest infected number (8) and followed by the age range of 16 – 22 (5) and the lowest is between the age range of 30 – 36 that have (1) the age range of 37 – 49 has no infection.
CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
DISCUSSION
The antibacterial activity of three types of medicated soap on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from wound infection was conducted. Out of 20 sample within the age range of 9 – 49 years the most predominant bacteria organism isolates was Staphylococcus aureus followed by pseudomonas aeroginosa. The next is Staphylococcus epidermis while the least was Escherichia coli. Staphylococcus is coagulase positive which differentiates it from the other species. Almost every person will have some type of S aureus infection during a life time ranging in severity form food poisoning or major skin infections to severe life threatening infections. The coagulase-negative Staphylococci are normal human flora and sometimes cause infection often associated with implanted devices such as joint prostheses, shunta. This study revealed that Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to the three medicated soap the median zone of inhibition was highest in Dettol medicated soap followed by Isol and the least is Tura. The Staphylococcus aureus was also sensitive to commercial control drug. The mean zone of inhibition was highest in Ampliclox followed by Gentamycin and the least is penicillin, there was a close relationship in zone of inhibition between the three medicated soaps and the commercially antibiotics activities as control.
CONCLUSION
From the sensitivity test it was found out that medicated soap were effective against Staphylococcus aureus effecting wound in human as comparable to drugs (antibiotics). This is because medicated soaps have phenobic contents, if one subject himself or herself to cleaning or bathing with medicated soap during the time of hurts or cuts on the skin there is the likelihood of reducing microbial load of Staphylococcus aureus which is a normal commercial of the skin. The reduction of Staphylococcus aureus on the skin at this time will prevent or minimize its involvement wound infection. However, constant washing of the body with medicated soap will not be advisable for it, but it will remove drastically the normal flora of the skin and this itself will pose a problem.
RECOMMENDATION
Since medicated soaps have been found inhibitor, it is then advised to be used in bathing at the time one gets hurt or cuts on the skin. It is also recommended to wash surface of cuts immediately, especially in children with medicated soap before medication is given. There is need for further work to carried out on other organism like Escherichia coli etc that are involved in wound infections.
REFERENCES
- Alyliffe, G.A. Babbana, J.R. (1979), “A test for hygienic Disinfecting Journal of industrial and Applied microbiology” 24 (2): 89 – 92.
- Baird-packer, A.C. (200),Staphylococcus epidermis strain as skin flora, Journal of General Microbiology 28 (2):63 – 364.
- Baker, F.J. Salvation R.E and Kilshaw D. (1985), Methods of sterilization in introduction to media laboratory technology.
- Bellis, M. (1988), The molecular weight of saturated fatty acids and the antibacterial activity of soaps, Journal of Bacteriology 55 915 – 916.
- Belin, M. and Rippert, J. (1988), Susceptibility of gram negative bacilli of the coli typhoid group of soap Journal Of General Microbiology 12 (4):2 – 614.
- Bodey, G.P. Arnett, J. (1979), “Comparative trial of bacteriostatic soap preparation hexachlorophene versus triclosan and triclocarbon” Journal Of Industrial And Applied Microbiology Pp 111 – 113.
- Dorland, S. (1981), Medicated soap in medical dictionary 26th edition W.B sandners Company London.
- Economous Stamatelofelon. Chitirlreon C.A. and Papa Uasilo (1993), “Bacterial Examination of soaps” Journal Of Industrial And Applied Microbiology 18 (3): 367 – 368.
