Strategies for Improving Workers’ Morale and Productivity in an Organization: A Case Study of Enugu State Transport Company (ENTRACO)
Chapter One
Preamble of the Study
Every organization is set u to attain some definite and defined objectives. These objectives, which have to be accomplished through the instrumentality of the above-mentioned groups often include high productivity. To do this management has to organize its resources to achieve maximum performance.
One of these resources is of course. Human beings, whilst the output of some factors like machine. Maybe predetermined activities involving people are not calculated precisely for even if they are, the result may vary, due to what is known as the human element. How well a job is done depends on the rewards attached to the work for the word reward in its stresses has complete meaning. However, due to the result of research on human behavior in work situations, we can realize that wage or salary is mainly one of the important needs of the workers.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Few know researchers had previously conducted research on the strategies for improving workers moral and productivity in an organization. To conduct this investigation, several materials were used by the researcher. These include text book on personnel management psychology and human relations thesis.
The researcher summarized all the literature review under the following headings.
- The extent of workers relationship with the top management.
- The types of leadership in an organization that could enhance workers moral and productivity.
- Evaluation and recognition of performance.
- Effect and recognition of good performance appraisal in organization productivity.
EXTENT OF WORKERS RELATIONSHIP WITH TOP MANAGEMENT.
According to Magreth (1960)Management should develop and administer policies and programme for providing an effective organization, to improve the moral of workers and their productivity, there should be directed communication link between the top management and the workers. The author is of the opinion that the workers are to be given a free hand in the management of the organization. To improve the moral of workers and their productivity, there should be directed communication from the management and workers.
Even though there may be good communication link between the workers and the management yet much depends on the effectiveness of such communication.
As Doulab wrote in his books we have not learned about utilization of talent, about the creation of organization climate conducive way from realizing the potential represented by the workers we recruit into the organization.
He goes further to say that a high degree of workers participated in management of an organization will not only develop the hidden talent but also has a positive effect on the moral of workers and a corresponding increase an productivity.
According to Bernard (1950) personal relation and productivity we prime tasks of an effective personnel administration. Management is concerned with the creation of an organization in which both the workers and the organization may obtained optimum satisfaction.
Schram (1964) Pointed out in his book mass media and national development that since the essence of economic development is a rapid increase in economic, productivity of society, great attention should be paid to it. He is also of the opinion that productivity is the key and as such development economics should find solution to the problem of husbanding resources, so as to ensure the attainment of the required level of productivity.
Fashoyin (1980) in his book titled industrial relation in Nigeria observes that significant proportion of employees and employers still reflect the idea on the hand that co-operation on both sides can bring about increase productivity, better wages, good living condition and industrial peace. He is also of the opinion that nowadays management focuses it’s attention on the sizeable service and profit made with the result that they ignore workers interest and over look the probable disruption of the business activities when employees react to the insensitivity of their employees.
According to “Likert” (1967) high productivity is attained when the amount of employee participation used is greater, than what is expected by them. But with their capacity to respond to it’s efficiency.
CHAPTER THREE
DESIGN OF THE STUDY
In this chapter, the area under study will be discussed, the population and the sample size including the sampling technique will also be discussed the method adopted in the process of data collection will equally be desired.
Since data collected are ordinarily not useful to themselves, the statistical tool for data analysis will also be discussed so that the required information may be conveyed at a glance.
Area understudy, this study will cover the workers in Enugu state transport company limited (ENTRACO) the workers to be used in this study will include both the senior and junior staff of the organization.
POPULATION OF THE STUDY
The officials of Enugu state transport company limited (ENTRACO), the middle level manpower which include the depot managers the supervisors and the junior staff will equally be included in the population to be studied.
SAMPLE SIZE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES.
As a result of large size of the entire work force of about one hundred and forty three employees of the Enugu state transport company limited, a sample size of forty workers will be selected four managers six supervisors, and thirty junior staffs, both at base (head office) and depots.
The samples from each group of workers will be sampled randomly. These will include four manager, six supervisor and thirty junior workers on the whole forty employees of Enugu sate transport company limited (ENTRACO) will be used for the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATIONS AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
In this chapter, the researcher will analysis and present the data collected from the respondents, in analyzing this data, statistics tools like tables and percentages will used.
It attempts to give a clear analysis and interpretation of data collected through the questionnaires administered on the sample of managers and other employees in Enugu state transport company (ENTRACO). The distribution was done as follow.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION SUMMARY OF FINDINGS.
The main objective of this research has been to examine the strategies for improving the workers is moral and productivity in an organization. Research finding indicate that the moral of employees in an organization could be improved by offering them the opportunity to participate in decision making allowing them to participate in setting the goal of the organization and rewarding them for accomplishing the organizational effectively and efficiently.
The research also reveals that workers will be motivated if their relationship with their supervisor are cordial and if they have very high satisfaction for the job the perform.
It was also revealed that a yearly appraisal of employees motivates them to higher performance and if superiors relationship with their subordinates are cordial the employees social interaction with bosses will lead to enhancement of the workers productivity. It was also observed that from the respondents that appraisal based on result achieved as expected is highly, welcome by the subordinates.
The employees also preferred performance reports and appraisal which measures, progress towards the set objectives of the organization.
The managers ands supervisors responded that there are given opportunities to takes up more responsibilities in their company and this motiveless for higher productivity.
More over, all most all the respondents unanimously agree that they are given the opportunity the respondents were unanimous in endorsing that the are reinforce for their over all good performance through training and development and the reinforcement is by promotion.
The respondents also agreed that they are given every opportunity for team work toward the achievement of organization al goal and more over, they have not observed any eroding of their authority in the process in the process of executing job.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the findings of this research report the following recommendation s were made. Since employee moral and productivity are based on their participation in setting the goals of the organization and in participation in decision making the researcher recommends that managers should adopts democratic style of leadership.
Secondly, the workers should be involved in the decision making process performance appraisal be based on result achieved by the time the out put were expected this should be done through reliable performance report and appraisal which measures progress towards the set objectives.
There relationship between the superior and subordinate should be cordial. This will create an atmosphere where the managers and their subordinates could sit together, discuss and reach agreement on how to improve the employees performance.
Workers should be encouraged to participate meaningful in their union activities opportunities for in service training will help the workers to grow along side with the organization.
This will equally raise the workers moral and productivity.
More importantly the employees should be given good conditions of services. The employees pay package should be well enhanced. The workers should be provided with well spaced, improved vindicated office accommodation.
The manager should be provided with official cars and all the paraphernalia appropriate to their offices.
CONCLUSION
From the findings of this research it has now been discovered that autocratic leadership in an organization reduced the workers moral and affect their productivity.
Secondly, lower, the moral of the workers and this leads to a reduction in productivity.
Other factors that can contribute to low moral in workers includes lack of participation in decision making and inadequate reward for the workers contributions.
It is also vital to state that moral of the workers could be improved by allowing the workers to participate in decision making exercise of the organization especially that affects them.
The workers moral can be improved by allowing them to take part in their union activities evaluating their performance and rewarding good and honest performance.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
- Beach S. Dele (980) Personnel Management of People Works London, Macmillan 4TH Edition
- Douglas Megregor (1960) The Human Side of the Enterprise: New York Mc Gram Hill Book Company.
- Likerts Rensis (1967) The Human Organization New York, International Students Edition
- Adams R. Williams (1969) Top Management and Production, New York, Mc, Gram Hill Book Company.
- Tayo F. (1980) Industrial Relation in Nigeria London Group Limited New Edition
- Ojemba G. (2001) Practice of Management Enugu Iyke Venture Production.
