Seminar on Management of Transport Innovation and Information System
Chapter One
Preamble of the Study
A good passenger information strategy helps to ease the access to the public transport network for each person, whether they currently use public transport or not. Correct and reliable real-time information should be available for passengers before and during travelling to enable them to plan door-to-door journeys using the most appropriate departure time and route from the beginning to the end of their journey (https://civitas.eu/sites) Amongst other, the following information can be provided to the passengers:
Chapter Two
Literature Review
INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
According to Pillac et al, during the last decade, a significant development of “smart” information technologies for vehicle routing management has emerged, based on technological advances in more accurate geographic information systems, new generation of computers with increased processing capabilities, and developments of better planning systems and techniques. The Ministerio de Fomento en España, defi nes intelligent transport systems as a set of advanced applications inside information technology, electronics and communications that, from a social economic and environmental standpoint, are designed to improve transport mobility, safety and productivity, by optimizing the use of existing infrastructure, increasing energy efficiency and improving the capacity of the transport system. Intelligent Transport Systems aim to respond, from a multimodal perspective, to the transportation needs, applying ICT (Information and communication technologies)”. Intelligent Transportation Systems are part of ICT, however Perego et al. argue that some authors use the term ITS and ICT for transport without distinction. Therefore, the reader interested in exploring this subject should take note of this clarification and perform their analysis using the two possible names. With the use of ITS, transport operations are performed optimally in terms of traffic flow (speed and time routes). Jarašūnienė states that the integration of ITS allows the exchange and coordination of information, information acquisition and integration between vehicles and the road infrastructure, the exchange of information with private sectors (logistics service providers), and the exchange with nontransport-related organizations, such as electronic payment institutions. Then, Intelligent Transportation Systems are the interconnection of different information systems aimed to capture, communicate, compute and assist decision making, allowing to properly manage the flow of vehicles and transportation means. For the proper management of a transport system, the integration of technologies such as the Internet, electronic data exchange, wireless communications, computer technology, programming, and technologies designed to capture and analyze the required information.
ITS in different transport modes.
ITS have been developed more in some transport modes than others, according to the needs and development of the modes. Thus, information systems for airplanes have been far more advanced than for any other mode, due to the need for security and monitoring of aircraft. The most important element in the advance of communications for transport lies in the ability to communicate vehicles with a control center that allows its management. For example, vehicles can inform their position to their fleet manager through a mobile communication link. Long-range radio communications allow ships to communicate over long distances with other vessels; Global System for Mobile Communications – Railway (GSM-R) enables efficient wireless connectivity for trains; and transponders (devices used to identify aircraft automatically)
INNOVATIONS IN TRANSPORT -ESSENTIAL ISSUES
In transport, there is an urgent need for innovative changes which would improve its image and strengthen its market position. Rail transport in particular is in need of modification. However, as Burnewicz sees it [Burnewicz 2009], rail transport is an especially difficult area to implement innovations due to some institutional barriers of the sector, political character of decisions involving structural and technical modifications and, finally, insufficiency of investment funds in rail businesses. Burnewicz claims [Burnewicz 2009] that the smaller a given sector and its market, the bigger reluctance to invest in innovations which would change its technological quality and prospects for development. Business entities which operate in transport sector could be innovating companies. They are the entities which invest in new transportation technologies, in research and development, in new products, in refining of management processes and the processes of transportation services rendition, finally they invest in the organization of the transportation process. As Schumpeter [Olejniczuk-Merta 2013] sees it, innovation is neither a little improvement nor the process of implementing inventions. Innovation represents crucial changes in the service creation and processes which, as a matter of fact, have social context. In every business we can find innovations in the product, the service as well as in the sphere of skills and activities. The more so, as the aim of a business is to win its own clientele, and, given that, as already mentioned by Drucker [Drucker 1994], in every business there are two most important functions – marketing and innovation. Innovations may arise from the needs of the market and the client. The need is one of the basic elements of marketing concept for running a business. The aim of an innovation is to effectively satisfy existing needs as well as to create new needs that will come from the clients’ demands. As Gattorna [Gattorna 2013] writes “there is only one reliable way to introduce an innovation – to properly interpret the market and the client’s needs”. However, an innovation could be also represented by a new production line, streamlined sale system or more efficient personnel management.
Chapter Three
Conclusion
Transportation determines companies’ competitiveness and has several negative effects on cities, creating a necessity to make great efforts in management processes. The later explains the need for advanced information systems that lead to transport optimization at all levels, both for commercial and passenger transport. Intelligent transport systems are tools to allow transport mobility, safety and productivity to be improved, and involve many aspects for this purpose. That is the case of the information coming from vehicles, public and private entities, and the information obtained from systems and information technologies such as cameras, radars and speed detectors. All this allows intelligent transportation management to be achieved, which is the primary objective of ITS.
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