Security Challenges: Implication for Business Activities and Sustainable Development in Jakusko Local Government, Yobe State, Nigeria
Chapter One
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objectives of the study are;
- To find out the causes of insecurity in jakusko Local government, Yobe State, Nigeria.
- To find out the effect of security challenges on business activities in jakusko Local government, Yobe State, Nigeria.
- To find out the effect of security challenges on business confidence in Jakusko Local government, Yobe State, Nigeria
- To find out the effect of security challenges on sustainable development in Jakusko Local government, Yobe State, Nigeria
- To Proffer remedies to security challenges in Nigeria
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Insecurity
The word „insecurity‟‟ has myriads of connotations. It signifies danger; hazard; uncertainty; lack of protection, and lack of safety. Beland (2005) defines‟ insecurity as “the state of fear or anxiety stemming from a concrete or alleged lack of protection.” It refers to lack or inadequate freedom from danger. This implies that insecurity is an absence of peace, order and security. Achumba, Ighomeroho, Akpor (2013) defines insecurity from two perspectives. Firstly, insecurity is the state of being open or subject to danger or threat of danger, where danger is the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury. Secondly, insecurity is the state of being exposed to risk or anxiety, where anxiety is a vague unpleasant emotion that is experienced in anticipation of some misfortune. These definitions of insecurity underscore a major point that those affected by insecurity are not only uncertain or unaware of what would happen but they are also vulnerable to the threats and dangers when they occur. People engaged in business activity, either directly or indirectly, to satisfy unlimited human wants. Therefore, business has become part and parcel of human existence in particular and global world in general. United Nations Development Programme (1994) defines Security as protection from hidden and hurtful disruptions in the daily activities, at homes, offices or communities etc. This implies that security borders on ensuring safety of lives and properties. Williams (2008) who sees security from the socio-political perspective opines that security involves the capacity to pursue cherished political and social ambitions. That is, security is socio-political in nature as without security there can be no political stability and consequently social activities will be in chaos.
THE CAUSES OF INSECURITY IN NIGERIA
Myriads of factors have been attributed to have contributed to magnitude of insecurity in Nigeria. Many erudite scholars have identified several causes of insecurity in Nigeria that are inimical to socio-economic growth and development (Ali, 2013; Okorie, 2011; Jega, 2002; Salawu, 2010; Onyishi, 2011; Ezeoba, 2011; Lewis, 2002; Achumba and Akpor 2013). These causes have bedeviled the smooth flow of business activities in Nigeria. They include but not limited to the following:
Political quagmire: The existence of innumerable political parties has caused havoc in Nigeria. This is because majority has not really comprehended the ethics of politics. Misconceptions, uprisings from diverse parties have landed many politicians to their untimely grave. Politics is a game of luck and not ‘‘a Do or Die affair’ business. For instance, few years ago, the unexpected power shift from the northern hegemony to a minority geo-political zone of South-south, as a result of the death of President Yar’adua could be linked to the initial high tempo of insecurity. That is, the death of President Yar’adua resulted in an alteration of the northern perpetual claim on political power in Nigeria. In addition, the refutation of the North-South agreement on rotational presidency within the People’s Democratic Party (PDP) is also another major element, thus the death of Yar’Adua and the ascendancy of Goodluck Ebele Jonathan as the president disarrayed planned and articulated political arrangement (Ferrell, 2012). In addition, there is incessant rancour among political leaders even within same party and rancor between the ruling party and the opposition parties. There are also several economic related assassinations all over the nation which creates problems to the nation’s economic growth and development. Furthermore, there is the power inter-play and over-ambition of politicians who willfully encourage the procurement of weapons in order to pursue their inordinate political ambitions (Egbewole, 2013).The struggle for political power, religious imposition and land disputes and the lack of aid for victims or punishment for troublemakers, corrupt persons, and the mismanagement of the economy have all fuelled tensions in the country, Akonbede (2013). Tom (2012) maintained that three things are interwoven in Nigeria – religion, politics and ethnicity – and the three are beclouded with corruption, poverty and insecurity.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research design
The researcher used descriptive research survey design in building up this project work the choice of this research design was considered appropriate because of its advantages of identifying attributes of a large population from a group of individuals. The design was suitable for the study as the study sought to examine the Security Challenges: Implication for Business Activities and Sustainable Development in Jakusko Local government, Yobe State, Nigeria.
Sources of data collection
Data were collected from two main sources namely:
- Primary source and
- Secondary source
- Primary source:
These are materials of statistical investigation which were collected by the research for a particular purpose. They can be obtained through a survey, observation questionnaire or as experiment; the researcher has adopted the questionnaire method for this study.
Secondary source:
These are data from textbook Journal handset etc. they arise as byproducts of the same other purposes. Example administration, various other unpublished works and write ups were also used.
Population of the study
Population of a study is a group of persons or aggregate items, things the researcher is interested in gathering information relevant to the Security Challenges: Implication for Business Activities and Sustainable Development. Two hundred (200) selected residents of jakusko Local government, Yobe State, Nigeria was selected randomly by the researcher as the population of the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF DATA
One hundred and sixty (160) questionnaires were distributed and one hundred and forty (133) were returned. This figure was the sample size. Out of the one hundred and thirty-three, only one hundred and twenty (120) were properly responded to. As a result, the researcher used one hundred and twenty for this study when more than 50% of the respondents agree to the questions, the answer is taken as valid for the purpose of this study. In analyzing the data, the approach that will be adopted is to find out the percentage and positive and negative answers to the question posed.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain Security Challenges: Implication for Business Activities and Sustainable Development in jakusko Local government, Yobe State, Nigeria. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of Security Challenges: Implication for Business Activities and Sustainable Development
Summary
This study was on Security Challenges: Implication for Business Activities and Sustainable Development in Jakusko Local government, Yobe State, Nigeria. Five objectives were raised which included: To find out the causes of insecurity in jakusko Local government, Yobe State, Nigeria, to find out the effect of security challenges on business activities in jakusko Local government, Yobe State, Nigeria, to find out the effect of security challenges on business confidence in Jakusko Local government, Yobe State, Nigeria, to find out the effect of security challenges on sustainable development in Jakusko Local government, Yobe State, Nigeria and to Proffer remedies to security challenges in Nigeria. In line with these objectives, five research questions were formulated and answered. The total population for the study is 200 residents of Jakusko local government of Yobe state. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study. A total of 133 respondents made up business owners, civil servants, students and council of elders were used for the study. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies
Conclusion
Security challenges in any environment constitute threat to lives and properties, hampered business activities, and discourage local and foreign investors, all of which stifle and retards development of a country. It is therefore apparent that national security is a desideratum, sine qua non for business and economic growth and development of any country (Oladeji and Folorunso, 2007). The Federal Government (FG) should formulate and effectively implement policies and programmes capable of addressing the root causes of insecurity in Nigeria such as Ethno religious conflict, systemic and political corruption, weak security system and unemployment among others.
Recommendation
Federal government should establish a more viable and resultoriented agency capable of addressing the problem of abject poverty/ unemployment among large population of Nigerians, this will aid in reducing the level of crime and violence in the country. Government must be proactive in dealing with security issues and threats, through training, modern methods of intelligence gathering, and intelligence sharing, logistics and deploying advanced technology in managing security challenges. This will add more values in checking incessant bombings, robbery, kidnapping and violent crimes/crises by hoodlums in the country. Federal government should include Security Management in school curriculum at all levels of education in Nigeria. This will enable the Nigerian youths to appreciate the importance of security in a secular state like Nigeria
References
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