Poverty Reduction and Sustainable Development in Nigeria: (a Case Study of MDGs 2000-2015)
CHAPTER ONE
Objectives of the Study
The general objective of the study is to analyze and evaluate the rate of poverty in Nigeria. Against this backdrop, the following specific objectives will be address in the study:
- To identify the factors responsible for poverty in Nigeria
- To assess how successful the various policies and programmed initiated to reduce poverty in Nigeria.
- To ascertain the level of whether Nigeria will be able to meet millennium development goals (MDGs) by 2015.
- To recommend policy response and suggest how to reduce poverty in Nigeria in order to meet MDGS and ensure sustainable development.
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Introduction
Poverty is the condition that exists when people lacks the ability to satisfy their basic needs. The basic need are those necessities for survival or broadly as those reflecting the revealing standard
of living that is, those at the border line of nutrition, housing, clothing among others though adequate to preserve life but do measure up to those of the population as whole (Encyclopedia Britannia 1978, vol. 14).
It is also a state of involuntary deprivation to which a person, household and nations are subjected. This means individuals, household, and nations under scale can be poor, so long as it exhibits the characteristics of poverty source (MVO, 2009:24).
Poverty is also associated with poor health low level of education, low level of calories in one‟s diet, lack of shelter, low level of employment. Furthermore, poverty refers to the inability of an individual or family to secure basic needs even in the midst of social surrounding of general prosperity or lack of some general attribute that would allow an individual to maintain himself. And people that are associated with such behaviors like inability to manage money either by laziness, drunkenness and producing too many can make a nation or an individual to be poor.
The concept of poverty like every other concepts in the social sciences lack a precise definition that can be said to be as patial and that is temporal. If it perhaps this line of thought that informed Aboyade (1975:4) to state that poverty is probably not a subject to be defined or measured to be appreciated, it may have to do with suffering despite this remarks, the search for commonly accepted characteristic of poverty for slicken people continue to gain currency and as several definition of poverty have been pasted by scholars.
In conceptualizing poverty, two schools of thought have emerged. One of the schools is classical economist they conceives poverty as lack of income or material well-being, corroborating this view Arinze (1995) described poverty as “the lack of income needed to acquire the minimum necessities of life.
Galbraith‟s (2002) citing Aneke (2000) state that people are poverty slicken when their income even if adequate for survival, fall markedly below those of the commodity they cannot have what the larger community regards.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, we described the research procedure for this study. A research methodology is a research process adopted or employed to systematically and scientifically present the results of a study to the research audience viz. a vis, the study beneficiaries.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research designs are perceived to be an overall strategy adopted by the researcher whereby different components of the study are integrated in a logical manner to effectively address a research problem. In this study, the researcher employed the survey research design. This is due to the nature of the study whereby the opinion and views of people are sampled. According to Singleton & Straits, (2009), Survey research can use quantitative research strategies (e.g., using questionnaires with numerically rated items), qualitative research strategies (e.g., using open-ended questions), or both strategies (i.e., mixed methods). As it is often used to describe and explore human behaviour, surveys are therefore frequently used in social and psychological research.
POPULATION OF THE STUDY
According to Udoyen (2019), a study population is a group of elements or individuals as the case may be, who share similar characteristics. These similar features can include location, gender, age, sex or specific interest. The emphasis on study population is that it constitutes of individuals or elements that are homogeneous in description.
This study was carried to examine poverty reduction and sustainable development in Nigeria. Selected communities in Lagos State form the population of the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the analysis of data derived through the questionnaire and key informant interview administered on the respondents in the study area. The analysis and interpretation were derived from the findings of the study. The data analysis depicts the simple frequency and percentage of the respondents as well as interpretation of the information gathered. A total of eighty (80) questionnaires were administered to respondents of which only seventy-seven (77) were returned and validated. This was due to irregular, incomplete and inappropriate responses to some questionnaire. For this study a total of 77 was validated for the analysis.
TEST OF HYPOTHESIS
H1: there are no factors responsible for poverty in Nigeria
H2: there is no level of whether Nigeria will be able to meet millennium development goals (MDGs) by 2015
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain poverty reduction and sustainable development in Nigeria. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing poverty reduction and sustainable development in Nigeria
Summary
This study was on poverty reduction and sustainable development in Nigeria. Three objectives were raised which included: To identify the factors responsible for poverty in Nigeria, to assess how successful the various policies and programmed initiated to reduce poverty in Nigeria, to ascertain the level of whether Nigeria will be able to meet millennium development goals (MDGs) by 2015 and to recommend policy response and suggest how to reduce poverty in Nigeria in order to meet MDGS and ensure sustainable development.. A total of 77 responses were received and validated from the enrolled participants where all respondents were drawn from selected primary schools in Uyo. Hypothesis was tested using Chi-Square statistical tool (SPSS).
Conclusion
United Nation millennium declaration was made by world leaders in 2000. The declaration has committed the countries in the world to a universal partnership, with the major aim of reducing poverty within the deadline of 2015. Although progress has been made significantly in some countries, Nigeria has not made any meaningful progree in that regard due numerous challenges which some are earlier outlined in this paper. For a significant achievement of MDGs in Nigeria, collective and concerted effort is needed designing a strong and reliable framework for a successful implementation.
Recommendation
Government should be more serious in dealing with corrupt elites by probing them, taking back their loot to the government and stopping them from holding any public office.
The Nigerian government should address the issues of poverty reduction programs through effective implementation of policies, creating conducive environment and rewarding good imitative. Nigerian government should be Government must be proactive in addressing security issues, through applying advanced technology in managing security challenges, intelligence gathering, and intelligence sharing. Government should intensify efforts on proving adequate infrastructure such as roads, schools, and health facilities to support successful implementation of poverty reduction programs
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