Post Retirement Life Styles of Some Selected Secondary School Teachers in Ojo Local Government Area, Lagos State: Counselling Implications
Chapter One
Objectives of the Study
The major objective of the study is to examine the post retirement life styles of retired secondary school teachers in Lagos state.
The Specific Objectives of the Study are to;
- determine the relationship between the health status and food consumption patterns of retired secondary school teachers in Lagos state.
- determine the relationship between the lifestyle and income of retired secondary school teachers in Lagos state.
- identify the social network that exists for enhancing lifestyle and health status of the retired secondary school teachers in Lagos state.
- determine the care given by the relations of the retired secondary school teachers and his/her lifestyle in Lagos state.
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Theoretical Framework
This research study was hinged on Maslow‟s Theory of Human Motivation (Maslow, 1943). The theory explained that satisfaction of basic needs constitutes lifestyle, which is related to health. Theory further posited that there are five basic interrelated needs model, which has been applied to variety of economic and social situations. When applied to the needs of the retired secondary school teachers, it shows areas that contribute to lifestyle for the retired secondary school teachers. The following are the basic interrelated needs which are common with the retired secondary school teachers in Lagos state.
Physiological Needs of Retired Secondary school teachers
The theory emphasized that all people no matter their age, start with the most basic of requirements, food, drink, shelter, sleep and treatment of illness and injury, are fundamental to survival. When providing care for the retired secondary school teachers, this is the area that most caregivers focus on. Providing these basics, especially with the focus on health for the frail and disabled, take the bulk of a caregiver‟s time and energy. Psychological needs are more about survival.
Security needs of retired secondary school teachers
The theory stressed that once physical survival is safeguarded the next rung up the leader is security. This is an issue that many adult, children of aging parents worry about and often the source of conflicts between the generations. The retired, especially those who feel vulnerable due to injury or illness, desire a sense of security, especially from their off spring.
Sensitivity is needed when discussing security concerns such as driving, maintaining the house or being alone at home. When intervention is taken for safety sake, retiree can strongly react to the loss of their independence; it is wise to replace the loss through transportation service and in-home care. (Lukas 2005).
Social needs of retired secondary school teachers
Being connected socially is very important to all people, but for the retired secondary school teachers it becomes a key lifestyle concern. Due to health issues or lack of ability to get out, the retirees find their social opportunities shrinking and they spend more of their time alone. The retiree needs opportunities to become involved socially with family, friends and the community. Attending functions at the local senior centers, volunteering or connecting through social media can help the retired feel like a contributing member of society. (Oliver 2003).
Self-esteem of the retired
The theory further lamented that retired secondary school teachers, like all people, wants to feel reorganized and appreciated for their ideas, abilities and talents; the retired lose their sense of worth when illness, disability or fragility limits them. The loss of self-worth is devastating to retired well-being and can be linked to depression and increase mortality caregivers need to add to their loved ones lifestyle by working together on project that boost self-esteem.
Self-actualization needs of the retired secondary school teachers
According to Maslow the highest rank of the hierarchy is the need for self-actualization. This status is reached by relatively few people and those who do share some common traits. They tend to concentrate on the reality of life rather than wishful thinking. They are problem solvers and not complainers. They also have a view point that their life‟s journey is just as important as their final destination, the retired should be prime candidates to reach self- actualization yet the process of aging often strips our retirees of the higher level of the self- actualization, self-esteem and social connection, living today retired are hanging on to the lower levels of survival.
Positive psychology is defined as “the scientific study of positive human functioning and flourishing on multiple levels that include the biological, personal relational, institutional, cultural and logical dimension of life.
Retired secondary school teachers is often associated with many rewarding experiences. It is however also a time when significant changes might occur. For example, some people experience changes in physical functioning, social networks, employments and bereavement can become more common. Keeping a positive attitude toward retired person is particularly important as it allows you to continue to feel good and have a sense of control as you face another part of the life cycle.
As peoples age it is natural for them to move in and out of periods of positive ageing. Those who retired positively live longer and healthier lives, and enjoy good lifestyle.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Introduction
This chapter described the methodology for conducting the study and it is described under the following sub-headings;
Research Design
The research design used for this research work was survey. This method was deemed appropriate as the research requires the researcher to collect personal and general information for the purpose of describing in details and the opinion of the respondents. Survey research is a present oriented method used in examining the status quo as it exists now. Adewunmi, (1998) contended that survey research method is used in describing systematically a situation or an area
of interest accurately. It is used to find the meaning and obtaining an understanding of the present condition.
Population
The population of this study comprises of all retired secondary school teachers in Lagos state. The population is put at 67,401 as at 2023 according to the Lagos state Secondary school teachers Office. They are spread across the three zones (Ojo LGA, Funtua and Daura) of the state.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
This chapter presented and analyzed the data collected for the study. The chapter discussed under the following sub-headings:
- Analysis of demographic information of respondents
- Answers to research Questions
- Test of Hypotheses
- Summary of Major Findings
- Discussion
Analyses of demographic information of the Respondents
A total of one hundred and fifty respondents were selected from the zones in Lagos state. The demographic information of the respondents presented includes age, gender, marital status and types of family.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter presents, conclusion and recommendations based on the results obtained from the study.
Summary
This study examined the post retirement life styles of retired secondary school teachers in Lagos state, Nigeria. It sought to achieve the following objectives;
- Determine the relationship between the consumption pattern and health status of retired secondary school teachers in Lagos state.
- Determine the relationship between the lifestyle and income of retired secondary school teachers in Lagos state.
- Identify the social network that exists for enhancing lifestyle and health status of the retired secondary school teachers in Lagos state.
- Examine retired secondary school teachers experience in terms of care given by the relations of the retired secondary school teachers and his/her lifestyle in Lagos state.
Four research questions were raised in the study and answers were provided, while the followings four null hypotheses were formulated and tested with relevant statistics.
- There is no significant relationship between the food consumption pattern and health status of retired secondary school teachers in Lagos state.
- There is no significant relationship between lifestyle and income of retired secondary school teachers in Lagos state.
- Thereis no significant relationship between social network that exists for enhancing lifestyle and health status of the retired secondary school teachers in Lagos state.
- Thereis no significant relationship between the care given by the relations of the retired secondary school teachers and his/her lifestyle in Lagos state.
The review of related literature literature examined the conceptual framework, consumption patter of the analysis of retired secondary school teachers in Lagos state and their health status, Lifestyle and income of the retired secondary school teachers, social network that exist for the retired secondary school teachers and care for the retired secondary school teachers, what effort are the government taking for the retired secondary school teachers. Some relevant empirical studies were also reviewed from the review it was observed that the researchers suggested solutions to lifestyle and health status of retired secondary school teachers but could not come up to modules for survival strategies.
Survey research design was employed for this study. The study was conducted in the three zones in Lagos state which are Ojo LGA, Funtua and Daura of Out of the population, one hundred and fifty (150) retired secondary school teachers was sampled. The instrument used for data collection is structured questionnaire. A four-point Likert scale format with no right or wrong answers to any of the statement were used. The instrument used for the study was a structured questionnaire, designed by the researcher. The questionnaire was partitioned into five (5) sections. The five (5) sections consisted of the demographic information of the respondents who were the retired secondary school teachers in zone in Lagos state, consumption pattern and health status of the retired secondary school teachers, Lifestyle and income of the retired secondary school teachers, social network for the retired secondary school teachers and care given by relations of the retired secondary school teachers. Data collected in chapter four were analyzed using frequency and percentages for the demographic variables, descriptive analysis for testing of research questions while Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient for testing the four (4) hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Data collected was analyzed using frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. All of the four null hypotheses were rejected as they were found to be negatively significant. The findings of the study revealed that;
- There is significant relationship between the food consumption pattern and health status of retired secondary school teachers in Lagos state.
- There is significant relationship between lifestyle and income of retired secondary school teachers in Lagos state.
- There is significant relationship between social network that exists for enhancing lifestyle and health status of the retired secondary school teachers in Lagos state.
- There is significant relationship between the care given by the relations of the retired civil servants and his/her lifestyle in Lagos state.
Contribution to Knowledge
- It is established from this study that lifestyle, food consumption patterns and the healthstatus of retired secondary school teachers significantly depend of their income and care given by their
- The study also established that health status of retired secondary school teachers improves if theirbenefits are paid so as to maintain the required square
- The study also established that recreational centers play a vital role in improving goodhealth status of retired secondary school teachers.
Conclusion
From the findings, it can be concluded that,
Food consumption patterns of retirees had significant relationship with their health status. Also significant relationship exist between lifestyle and income of retired secondary school teachers in Lagos state. This implied that retired secondary school teachers will have their food consumption patterns and health status better if their income and care given by their relations improve.
In addition, social network that exists for enhancing lifestyle had significant relationship on the health status of the retirees. Care given by the relations of the retired secondary school teachers
enhanced their lifestyle in Lagos state.
Recommendations
From the findings of this study, the following recommendations were put forward.
- Home economist extension workers should organize workshopto enlighten the retirees on the importance of taking goo diet. This would improve retirees health status
- State government should try as much as possible to pay the retirees their benefits as whendue so as to make them meet their other needs such as medical bills, house rent etc.
- State government should provide and maintain the social network that will enhance thelife style of retired secondary school teachers in Lagos such as recreational centers, rehabilitation centers, free medicals, provision of guidance and counselling units, free newspapers and
- Children/siblings of the retirees should also observe the quality of food their retiredparents eat in order to avoid them from consumption of poor food that will contribute to their illness such as high blood pressure, diabetes, joint pains. They should also maintain clean room, environment and clothes.
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