Post Retirement Life Styles of Some Selected Secondary School Teachers in Ojo Local Government Area, Lagos State: Counselling Implications
Chapter One
Objectivesย ofย theย Study
The major objective of the study is to examine the post retirement life styles of retiredย secondary school teachers inย Lagos state.
Theย Specific Objectivesย ofย the Studyย areย to;
- determine the relationship between the health status and food consumption patterns of retired secondary school teachers in Lagos state.
- determine the relationship between the lifestyle and income of retired secondary school teachers in Lagos state.
- identify the social network that exists for enhancing lifestyle and health status of the retired secondary school teachers in Lagos state.
- determine the care given by the relations of the retired secondary school teachers and his/her lifestyle in Lagos state.
CHAPTERย TWO
REVIEWย OFย RELATED LITERATURE
ย ย Theoreticalย Framework
This research study was hinged on Maslowโs Theory of Human Motivation (Maslow,ย 1943). The theory explained that satisfaction of basic needs constitutes lifestyle, which is relatedย to health. Theory further posited that there are five basic interrelated needs model, which hasย been applied to variety of economic and socialย situations. When applied to the needs of theย retired secondary school teachers, it shows areas that contribute to lifestyle for the retired secondary school teachers. Theย following are the basic interrelated needs which are common with the retired secondary school teachers inย Lagos state.
Physiologicalย Needsย of Retiredย Secondary school teachers
The theory emphasized that all people no matter their age, start with the most basic ofย requirements, food, drink, shelter, sleep and treatment of illness and injury, are fundamental toย survival. When providing care for the retired secondary school teachers, this is the area that most caregiversย focus on. Providing these basics, especially with the focus on health for the frail and disabled,ย takeย theย bulkย ofย aย caregiverโsย timeย andย energy.ย Psychologicalย needsย areย more aboutย survival.
Securityย needsย ofย retiredย secondary school teachers
The theory stressed that once physical survival is safeguarded the next rung up the leaderย is security. This is an issue that many adult, children of aging parents worry about and often theย source of conflicts between the generations. The retired, especially those who feel vulnerable dueย to injuryย or illness, desire aย senseย of security, especiallyย from theirย offย spring.
Sensitivity is needed when discussing security concerns such as driving, maintaining theย house or being alone at home. When intervention is taken for safety sake, retiree can stronglyย react to the loss of their independence; it is wise to replace the loss through transportation serviceย andย in-home care. (Lukasย 2005).
Socialย needsย of retiredย secondary school teachers
Beingย connectedย sociallyย isย veryย importantย toย allย people,ย butย forย theย retiredย secondary school teachersย it becomes a key lifestyle concern. Due to health issues or lack of ability to get out, the retireesย find their social opportunities shrinking and they spend more of their time alone. The retireeย needsย opportunitiesย toย becomeย involvedย sociallyย withย family,ย friendsย andย theย community.ย Attending functions at the local senior centers, volunteering or connecting through social mediaย canย help theย retired feelย like aย contributingย memberย ofย society.ย (Oliver 2003).
Self-esteemย of theย retired
Theย theory furtherย lamentedย thatย retiredย secondary school teachers,ย likeย allย people,ย wantsย toย feelย reorganized and appreciated for their ideas, abilities and talents; the retired lose their sense ofย worth when illness, disability or fragility limits them. The loss of self-worth is devastating toย retired well-being and can be linked to depression and increase mortality caregivers need to addย toย their loved ones lifestyle byย workingย together on projectย that boost self-esteem.
Self-actualizationย needsย of theย retiredย secondary school teachers
According to Maslow the highest rank of the hierarchy is the need for self-actualization.ย This status is reached by relatively few people and thoseย who do share some common traits.ย They tend to concentrate on the reality of life rather than wishful thinking. They are problemย solvers and not complainers. They also have a view point that their lifeโs journey is just asย importantย asย theirย finalย destination,ย theย retiredย shouldย beย primeย candidatesย toย reachย self-ย actualization yet the process of aging often strips our retirees of the higher level of the self-ย actualization, self-esteem and social connection, living today retired are hanging on to the lowerย levelsย of survival.
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Positive psychology is defined as โthe scientific study of positive human functioning andย flourishingย onย multipleย levelsย thatย includeย theย biological,ย personalย relational,ย institutional,ย culturalย and logical dimension of life.
Retired secondary school teachers is often associated with many rewarding experiences. It is howeverย also a time when significant changes might occur. For example, some people experience changesย inย physicalย functioning,ย socialย networks,ย employmentsย andย bereavementย canย becomeย moreย common. Keeping a positive attitude toward retired person is particularly important as it allowsย youย toย continueย toย feelย goodย and have aย senseย ofย controlย asย you faceย another partย ofย the life cycle.
As peoples age it is natural for them to move in and out of periods of positive ageing. Those whoย retiredย positivelyย liveย longer and healthierย lives, and enjoyย goodย lifestyle.
CHAPTER THREEย
RESEARCHย METHODOLOGY
Introduction
Thisย chapterย describedย theย methodologyย forย conductingย theย studyย andย itย isย describedย underย theย followingย sub-headings;
Researchย Design
The research design used for this research work was survey. This method was deemedย appropriate as the research requires the researcher to collect personal and general information forย the purpose of describing in details and the opinion of the respondents. Survey research is aย present oriented method used in examining the status quo as it exists now. Adewunmi, (1998)ย contendedย thatย surveyย researchย methodย isย usedย inย describingย systematicallyย aย situationย orย anย area
of interestย accurately.ย Itย isย used toย find theย meaningย and obtaining anย understanding ofย theย presentย condition.
ย Population
The population of this study comprises of all retired secondary school teachers in Lagos state. The population is put at 67,401 as at 2023 according to the Lagos state Secondary school teachers Office. They are spread across the three zones (Ojo LGA, Funtua and Daura) of the state.
CHAPTERย FOUR
DATAย PRESENTATIONย ANDย ANALYSIS
Thisย chapterย presentedย andย analyzedย theย dataย collectedย forย theย study.ย Theย chapterย discussedย under the followingย sub-headings:
- Analysis of demographic information of respondents
- Answers to research Questions
- Test of Hypotheses
- Summary of Major Findings
- Discussion
Analysesย ofย demographicย informationย ofย theย Respondents
A total of one hundred and fifty respondents were selected from the zones in Lagos state. The demographic information of the respondents presented includes age, gender, maritalย statusย and types of family.
CHAPTERย FIVE
SUMMARY,ย CONCLUSIONย ANDย RECOMMENDATIONS
Thisย chapterย presents,ย conclusionย andย recommendationsย basedย onย theย resultsย obtainedย fromย theย study.
Summary
Thisย studyย examinedย theย post retirement life stylesย ofย retiredย secondary school teachersย in Lagos state,ย Nigeria.ย Itย sought toย achieveย the followingย objectives;
- Determine the relationship between the consumption pattern and health status of retired secondary school teachers in Lagos state.
- Determine the relationship between the lifestyle and income of retired secondary school teachers in Lagos state.
- Identify the social network that exists for enhancing lifestyle and health status of the retired secondary school teachers in Lagos state.
- Examine retired secondary school teachers experience in terms of care given by the relationsย of theย retiredย secondary school teachersย andย his/herย lifestyleย inย Lagos state.
Fourย researchย questionsย wereย raisedย inย theย studyย andย answersย wereย provided,ย whileย theย followingsย fourย null hypothesesย wereย formulatedย and testedย with relevant statistics.
- There is no significant relationship between the food consumption pattern and health status of retired secondary school teachers in Lagos state.
- There is no significant relationship between lifestyle and income of retired secondary school teachers in Lagos state.
- Thereis no significant relationship between social network that exists for enhancing lifestyle and health status of the retired secondary school teachers in Lagos state.
- Thereis no significant relationship between the care given by the relations of the retired secondary school teachers and his/her lifestyle in Lagos state.
Theย reviewย ofย relatedย literatureย literatureย examinedย theย conceptualย framework, consumptionย patter ofย the analysis ofย retired secondary school teachers in Lagos stateย and theirย healthย status,ย Lifestyleย andย incomeย ofย theย retiredย secondary school teachers,ย socialย networkย thatย existย for theย retiredย secondary school teachersย andย careย forย theย retiredย secondary school teachers,ย whatย effortย areย theย government taking for the retired secondary school teachers. Some relevant empirical studies were also reviewed from theย review it was observed that the researchers suggested solutions to lifestyle and health status ofย retiredย secondary school teachers but couldย not comeย up toย modules forย survival strategies.
Surveyย researchย designย wasย employedย forย thisย study. Theย studyย was conductedย in theย threeย zonesย inย Lagos stateย whichย areย Ojo LGA,ย Funtuaย andย Dauraย ofย Out ofย theย population,ย oneย hundredย and fifty (150) retired secondary school teachers was sampled. The instrument used for data collection isย structuredย questionnaire.ย Aย four-pointย Likertย scaleย formatย withย noย rightย orย wrongย answersย toย anyย ofย theย statementย wereย used.ย Theย instrumentย usedย forย theย studyย wasย aย structuredย questionnaire,ย designedย by the researcher. The questionnaire was partitioned into five (5) sections. The five (5) sectionsย consisted of the demographic information of the respondents who were the retired secondary school teachers inย zoneย inย Lagos state,ย consumptionย patternย andย healthย statusย ofย theย retiredย secondary school teachers,ย Lifestyleย andย income of the retired secondary school teachers, social network for the retired secondary school teachers and care given byย relationsย ofย theย retiredย secondary school teachers.ย Dataย collectedย inย chapterย fourย wereย analyzedย usingย frequencyย andย percentagesย forย theย demographicย variables,ย descriptiveย analysisย forย testingย ofย researchย questionsย while Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient for testing the four (4) hypotheses at 0.05ย levelย ofย significance.ย Data collected wasย analyzedย usingย frequencies,ย percentages,ย mean,ย standard deviation and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. All of the four null hypothesesย were rejected as they were found to be negatively significant. The findings of the study revealedย that;
- There is significant relationship between the food consumption pattern and health status of retiredย secondary school teachers in Lagos state.
- There is significant relationship between lifestyle and income of retired secondary school teachers in Lagos state.
- There is significant relationship between social network that exists for enhancing lifestyle and health status of the retired secondary school teachers in Lagos state.
- There is significant relationship between the care given by the relations of the retired civil servants and his/her lifestyle in Lagos state.
Contributionย toย Knowledge
- It is established from this study that lifestyle, food consumption patterns and the healthstatus of retired secondary school teachers significantly depend of their income and care given by their
- The study also established that health status of retired secondary school teachers improves if theirbenefitsย areย paid so as toย maintainย the required square
- The study also established that recreational centers play a vital role in improving goodhealthย statusย of retiredย secondary school teachers.
Conclusion
Fromย theย findings,ย it canย beย concludedย that,
Food consumptionย patternsย of retireesย had significantย relationshipย withย their healthย status.ย Alsoย significantย relationshipย existย betweenย lifestyleย andย incomeย ofย retiredย secondary school teachersย in Lagos state.ย Thisย impliedย thatย retiredย secondary school teachersย willย haveย theirย foodย consumptionย patternsย andย health status better if theirย incomeย and care givenย byย their relations improve.
Inย addition,ย socialย networkย thatย existsย forย enhancingย lifestyleย hadย significantย relationshipย onย theย healthย statusย ofย theย retirees.ย Careย givenย byย theย relationsย ofย theย retiredย secondary school teachers
enhancedย theirย lifestyle inย Lagos state.
ย Recommendations
Fromย theย findingsย ofย thisย study,ย theย followingย recommendationsย wereย putย forward.
- Home economist extension workers should organize workshopto enlighten the retireesย onย the importanceย of takingย goo diet. This would improveย retirees health status
- State government should try as much as possible to pay the retirees their benefits as whendueย so asย to makeย themย meet their otherย needs such asย medical bills,ย house rent etc.
- State government should provide and maintain the social network that will enhance thelife style of retired secondary school teachers in Lagos such as recreational centers, rehabilitationย centers, free medicals, provision of guidance and counselling units, free newspapers and
- Children/siblings of the retirees should also observe the quality of food their retiredparents eat in order to avoid them from consumption of poor food that will contribute toย their illness such as high blood pressure, diabetes, joint pains. They should also maintainย cleanย room, environmentย and clothes.
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