Personal Demographics and Adherence to Standard Precautions Among Health Care Givers in Yala Local Government Area of Cross River State
CHAPTER ONE
Objective of the study
- Examine the Impact of Age on Adherence to Standard Precautions
- Assess Gender-Based Differences in Adherence to Standard Precautions
- Investigate the Influence of Educational Background on Adherence
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEWED OF RELATED LITERATURE
STANDARD PRECAUTION
Standard precautions are fundamental principles and guidelines designed to minimize the risk of infection transmission in healthcare settings. They serve as the baseline for infection prevention and control, encompassing a range of practices to protect both healthcare workers and patients.
Standard precautions are a set of infection prevention practices that apply to the care of all patients, regardless of their known or suspected infectious status. They are designed to reduce the risk of transmission of infectious agents in healthcare settings. Standard precautions include hand hygiene, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and masks, safe injection practices, respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette, and environmental cleaning.
Hand hygiene is a cornerstone of standard precautions. Proper handwashing or the use of hand sanitizers is crucial in preventing the spread of pathogens. The World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes the “Five Moments for Hand Hygiene,” including before patient contact, before aseptic procedures, after body fluid exposure risk, after patient contact, and after contact with patient surroundings.
Standard precautions dictate the appropriate use of PPE, such as gloves, masks, gowns, and eye protection, depending on the nature of the healthcare tasks and potential exposure to infectious materials. Adherence to PPE guidelines is essential for safeguarding both healthcare providers and patients.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, we described the research procedure for this study. A research methodology is a research process adopted or employed to systematically and scientifically present the results of a study to the research audience viz. a vis, the study beneficiaries.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research designs are perceived to be an overall strategy adopted by the researcher whereby different components of the study are integrated in a logical manner to effectively address a research problem. In this study, the researcher employed the survey research design. This is due to the nature of the study whereby the opinion and views of people are sampled. According to Singleton & Straits, (2009), Survey research can use quantitative research strategies (e.g., using questionnaires with numerically rated items), qualitative research strategies (e.g., using open-ended questions), or both strategies (i.e., mixed methods). As it is often used to describe and explore human behaviour, surveys are therefore frequently used in social and psychological research.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the analysis of data derived through the questionnaire and key informant interview administered on the respondents in the study area. The analysis and interpretation were derived from the findings of the study. The data analysis depicts the simple frequency and percentage of the respondents as well as interpretation of the information gathered. A total of eighty (80) questionnaires were administered to respondents of which only seventy-seven (77) were returned and validated.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain Personal demographics and adherence to standard precautions among health care givers in Yala local government area of cross River state. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing Personal demographics and adherence to standard precautions among health care givers
Summary
This study was on Personal demographics and adherence to standard precautions among health care givers in Yala local government area of cross River state. Three objectives were raised which included: Examine the Impact of Age on Adherence to Standard Precautions, assess Gender-Based Differences in Adherence to Standard Precautions and investigate the Influence of Educational Background on Adherence. A total of 77 responses were received and validated from the enrolled participants where all respondents were drawn from selected health center in Yala local government of Cross River state. Hypothesis was tested using Chi-Square statistical tool (SPSS).
Conclusion
In conclusion, this study has provided valuable insights into the relationship between personal demographics and adherence to standard precautions among healthcare givers in Yala Local Government Area of Cross River State. The findings shed light on various demographic factors that may influence healthcare providers’ commitment to infection control practices, contributing to the broader discourse on patient safety and healthcare-associated infections. The study revealed that age, gender, educational background, professional experience, job position, and work setting play significant roles in shaping adherence behaviors among healthcare givers in Yala Local Government Area. The nuanced understanding of these factors is crucial for designing targeted interventions aimed at improving compliance with standard precautions.
One notable finding is the influence of professional experience on adherence. Seasoned healthcare providers may exhibit ingrained habits of compliance, emphasizing the importance of continuous education and support for less experienced practitioners. Additionally, the study identified gender-based differences in adherence, highlighting the need for gender-sensitive interventions tailored to the unique perspectives and behaviors of male and female healthcare givers.
Recommendation
In light of these findings, it is recommended that healthcare institutions in Yala Local Government Area implement targeted training programs and interventions. These initiatives should consider the unique needs of healthcare providers based on their age, gender, educational background, and other demographic factors. Continuous monitoring and evaluation of adherence behaviors, coupled with feedback mechanisms, can further support a culture of infection control.
REFERENCE
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]. (2007). Guidelines for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Healthcare Settings.
- Krumpal, I. (2013). Determinants of Social Dsirability Bias in Sensitive Surveys: A Literature Review. Quality & Quantity, 47(4), 2025–2047.
- Nachimuthu, S., Vijayalakshmi, S., & Sudhahar, D. (2019). Qualitative Research Designs: A Conceptual Framework. International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research, 4(4), 2719–2729.
- World Health Organization [WHO]. (2020). Healthcare-associated Infections Fact Sheet.
- Das, M. and Ojah, J. (2016) The Knowledge and Practice of Universal Precaution among the Interns of Gauhati Medical College: A Cross-Sectional Study. Indian Journal of Basic and Applied Medical Research, 5, 805-815.