Perception and Acceptance of Cesarean Section Towards Woman and Pregnant Women in Ovia South West
CHAPTER ONE
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
- To determine the perception among expectant women scheduled for caesarean section.
- To examine the coping mechanisms adopted by expectant mothers scheduled for caesarean
- To determine the role of the nurse on the expectant women scheduled for caesarean
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Caesarean section is an operative procedure that is carried out under anesthesia where by the fetus, placenta and membranes are delivered through an incision in the abdominal wall and the uterus (Cooper et al, 2010).
Coping mechanisms are described as the “survival skills”. They are strategies people adopt to deal with stresses, pain and natural experiences that people experience in life.(Freud, 1896). According to Sigmund Freud (1896), coping mechanisms are thought processes that people devise in their families of origin to protect themselves from situations that are dangerous to their wellbeing. He called them ‘defence mechanisms’.
Fear is a vital response to physical and emotional danger. The danger can be real or imagined. It is also a form of coping mechanism some women adopt during caesarean sections. Such fear could produce positive or negative effects, on the consequences of the caesarean section. Scientifically, fear is a chain reaction in the brain that starts with a stressful stimulus and ends with the release of chemicals mediators that cause an uncomfortable feeling.
Some negative perceptions of expectant women scheduled for caesarean section
Lemaitre and Finnegan (2012), observed in their study that, regardless of a client’s situation in life or her intellectual gifts, the patient cannot really know that she must have surgery or what type of surgery must be done. She can only trust her surgeon’s knowledge and judgment. She cannot adequately appreciate the complexities and necessities of certain acts of nursing care, but must believe in the expertise and professional knowledge of her nurses.
Dumas (2010) revealed that the patient cannot comprehend the working of a hospital, its operating rooms and facilities. She must only resign herself to accepting this vast organization as something created for her safety and benefits. Consider then how total this act of faith must be to a patient. Her very life and happiness are suddenly entrusted to a group of people she hardly knows and to a high complex institution she cannot understand.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
This chapter describes how the research was to be carried out. It provides the work plan of the research and the validity, reliability, generalization and reliability of the results. The content covers the following:
STUDY DESIGN
This study was a cross sectional descriptive type. The study was conducted over a period of three weeks on 30 female patients scheduled for caesarean section operation at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology unit at the Gen. hospital, Ovia south west.
RESEARCH SETTING
The study was carried out at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Gen. hospital. It is one of the hospitals in the Edo state. It works under the Nigeria Health Service and is endowed with human and material resources, as it has various categories of health personnel including; doctors, nurses, pharmacists, laboratory technicians, and administrative staff.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
This section of the study includes findings obtained from the analysis of the responses that respondents provided. It is sub-divided based on the respondents back ground characteristics and the specific objectives of the study. The main source of instrument used is the distribution of questionnaires to thirty (30) expectant mothers who undergo caesarean section within a week. The findings provided a reflection of their various negative perceptions which are presented in the form of tables and charts.
CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter deals with the interpretation and discussion of findings, conclusions and recommendations of the study.
CONCLUSION
From the findings of the study, it is concluded that, most expectant women undergoing caesarean Section experience fear. Out of all respondents, 30(100%), 29 (96.67%) noted yes when asked if they were afraid to go through caesarean section operation. However, they are able to cope with these fears by believing in God and relying on the counsel of the nurses and surgical team. The factors that contribute to these fears that pregnant women scheduled for caesarean section go through included, pain, infection, anaesthesia, death and scar formation.
Majority of the respondents representing 30(100%) noted that, they were all counselled by the nurses and surgical team on the need for the caesarean section operation and this reduced their fears about the operation.
The study significantly revealed that, all the respondents would prefer a different treatment to the caesarean section operation which is in consonance with the findings that 30(100%) of the respondents were afraid of surgery.
23(76.67%) of the respondents had gone through surgical operation before and this helped them to cope with their negative perceptions. Majority of those who had been operated before were counselled before the surgery and majority of’ the respondents were aware of the kind of anaesthesia given reducing the fear of anaesthesia.
Strength of the study
The usage of Self-Administered Questionnaire has helped us to get the best and more reliable data.
Also, there was a high response and most of the respondents were willing to contribute to the study.
Weaknesses of the study
The weaknesses of this study was the small sample size, thus the findings could not be generalized to all the expectant mothers in the Hospital.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Even though the research has been successful, there are still more to be done by the nurses and surgical team especially the perioperative nurse. The following recommendations are made to authority to entreat the nurses and surgical team to adopt in their operation.
Effective Counselling
The nurses and surgical team must be equipped with the necessary resources to ensure that they carryout effective counselling for the patients who are scheduled for caesarean section operation. Such counselling must take place at a time the patients are calmed and in a position to accept the treatment. Patients can also be visited prior to surgery and this helps them to know that the nurses and surgical team are concerned with their welfare and that of the unborn baby.
Workshops on Counselling for the Nurses and Surgical Team
The hospital management can organize workshops or training session for the nurses and surgical team members to ensure effective counselling of Patients in order to allay their fears and not to heighten them.
Resource Development
The management of the Hospital must ensure that resources, like a well-structured theatre with all the necessary equipment like suction machine, good source of light and instruments in good working conditions are available to reduce anxiety since the lack of resources in the Hospital can intensify clients’ negative perceptions.
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