Perceived Barriers to Talent Identification of Human Kinetics and Beth Education Students Among Athletes of the University of Ibadan
Chapter One
Purpose of the study
To successfully conduct this research, the researcher set forth to achieve the following purposes:
- The study examined whether Nigeria tertiary institutions has significantly influence the talent identification in Nigerian sporting culture.
- This study established whether Nigeria tertiary institutions have influenced the talent identification in the University of Ibadan.
- This study found out whether Nigeria tertiary institutions have significantly Influence the development of elitism in the University of Ibadan.
- This study found out whether the Nigeria tertiary institutions have Significantly influence the development of sports infrastructure in Nigeria.
- This research confounds whether Nigeria tertiary institutions have influence the development of interest in sports participation among the youths of Nigeria.
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Introduction
The purpose of this research was to establish whether the participation of Nigeria tertiary institutions in sports played any role in the talent identification in the University of Ibadan. In order to conduct this study effectively, relevant textbooks, journals and previous studies were reviewed under the following sub-headings:
- Concepts of development/Sport development
- History and development of sports
- Development of sports in Nigeria
- Sports in Primary and Secondary Schools in Nigeria.
- Mass participation in sports
- Elitism in sports
- Sports in Nigeria tertiary institutions
- Sports culture in Nigeria
- Summary
Concept of Development/Sports development
Development is a broad term whose meaning is relative, what may be seen, as development in one quarter may not be the same in the other quarter. Anyebe (2001) observed that the term development is an elusive term meaning different thing to different groups of social scientists. Most would agree that development implies more than just a rise in real national income; that it must be a sustained secular rise in real income accompanied by changes in social attitudes and customs, which have in the past-impeded economic progress.
Rodney (1972) stated that development is a many sided process. At the individual level, it implies increased skill and capacity, greater freedom, creativity, self- discipline, responsibility and material well- being. At the level of social groups, development implies an increasing capacity to regulate both internal and external relationship. Anyebe (2001) however, refer to development as total transformation of a system; thus when used to describe a nation, describes the transformation of the various aspects of the life of the nation. In fact, development implies a progression from a lower and often undesirable state to a high and preferred one. From all these permutations about the concept of development, development can simply mean progressive change or improvement from existing system.
In the context of sports, the concept of sports development according to Ojo (2007) is the growth or result of improvement in facilities, equipment, funding, and sponsor of competitions. In this study, this definition will however, be extended to include sports participation and the growth of elite sports. Development of sports takes place in different aspects like personnel required to organise, administer and coach sports, availability of enough funds to cater for sporting programmes, provision of standard facilities and equipment, organisation of sporting programmes and level of interest and participation of the public, performance level of athletes, number of medals won and winning competitions, government support and participation in sporting programmes, formation of sports associations; like the Nigeria University Games Association (NUGA), Nigeria Colleges of
Education Games Association (NICEGA) and Nigeria Polytechnic Games Association
(NIPOGA) and level of awareness of the public about sports (Tagang, 2004 ; Ladani, 2001). All the factors identified above are indices through which sport development can be measured.
History and development of sports
The history of sports is as old as the existence of man. According to encyclopaedia Britannica (2009), sports are part of every culture past and present. Each culture has its own definition of sports, as sports in one culture may not be seen as sports in another culture as earlier noted in the definition of sport in chapter one. Sports have continuously shaped the life of societies throughout the world from primitive to modern world. This trend will continue as long as the world continues to exist. At one time or the other sports contributed significantly to the socio- cultural, political, and economic development of all societies whether primitive or contemporary societies. The primitive man in his wondering life in search of food according to (Riku & Nuhu, 2010; Fatile, 1983) used physical activities and sports extensively for the development of strength, power, and agility, cardio- respiratory and physical fitness to survive in his environment, protecting his family and self as well as to gather sufficient food for the family.
However when the early or primitive man later established societies, the experiences gained from the physical activities of the wondering years formed the cultural basis for his later and future society. Some of these activities were organised to form play activities for training of their off springs. As the societies grew larger, these activities became patterns of the life of the society, translating into a culture for the society, which has lingered on to modern times. Modern competitive and non-competitive sports took their roots from these primitive physical activities. Discovering these primitive physical activities as veritable instrument for societal development, the primitive generation organised training programme even though informally to train the young stars for the preservation of their societies.
During the middle age, (Riku & Nuhu, 2010; McIntosh, Dixon, Dunrow & Willetts, 1981) noted that the ancient Greek and Roman societies resorted to the use of these physical activities of the primitive man for the building, maintenance and protection of their societies. According to McIntosh, et al (1981) the Sparta state of Greece emphasised active participation of all youths in physical activities and sports as means of preserving national pride and integrity. While the boys were groom to boost national defence, promote political and socio-economic activities of the state, girls were groom to develop strong healthy bodies in preparation to bearing healthy children that would take over the leadership of the society in the future.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Introduction
The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of Nigeria tertiary institutions in the talent identification in the University of Ibadan. This chapter describes the method used that is, the research design, population of the study, sample and sampling technique, instrument for data collection including validation and reliability procedures, the administration of the instrument and data analysis procedures.
Research Design
This research was of a descriptive survey; as such, the information required for the study is within the reach of the respondents. Therefore, the most suitable research design as suggested by Shavelson (1991) is the ex-post facto design. Shavelson maintained that ‗‘ these designs are ex-post facto design because when the researcher comes on the score, nature has already implemented a treatment, either through differences in environments in which respondents find themselves, through differences in inheritance or through some combination of these two factors‘‘ Thus, the researcher arrives after the fact (ex-post facto) that the treatment has been imposed on the respondents. Based on the above concept, the ex-post facto design is chosen to examine the perceived barriers to the development of mass participation and elitism in the University of Ibadan.
Population
The target population for this study were students of the university of Ibadan. However, for convenience in the distribution of the research instrument this researcher plans to use one thousand two hundred and sixty questionnaires.
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Introduction
This research work was conducted with the sole aim of finding out the perception of respondents on the perceived barriers to the talent identification in the University of Ibadan. The data for this study were obtained from 1224 out of the 1428 sampled for the study representing 85.71%. The Statistical Package of the Social Sciences (SPSS) 17th Edition was used for the analysis. The analysis is presented in sections. The first section presents the frequencies and distribution of bio data variables, which include the respondent‘s sex, age, status, educational qualification and working experience. The second section answers to the four research questions while the third section test and interpret results of four hull hypotheses, which were tested at 0.05 alpha level of confidence.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Introduction
This study was on Perceived barriers to talent identification of Human kinetics and beth education students among athletes of the university of Ibadan. The increasing demand for a healthy living and active life style all over the world necessitates the need for active participation in sporting activities. This has been for the purpose moving away from sedentary life style, which has been an impediment to healthy life style. This has compelled most nations of the world into a draft for mass participation sports among their citizens. Equally, the role sports as a tool for economic development in the new world has transformed the thinking of the nations of the world from mere participation in sports for the sake of participation but, also to promote the development of elite athletes for better economic independence of the individual participants, their immediate communities and the nation at large. The study was therefore interested in knowing whether tertiary institutions in Nigeria has or is still playing a role in the actualisation of the national desire to promote sport participation for education, health, peace and development as a new trend in global development among tertiary institutions.
Summary.
This report on Perceived barriers to talent identification of Human kinetics and beth education students among athletes of the university of Ibadan is presented in five chapters. This research started with the general background of the study, which included the statement of the problem and the purpose of the study. Research questions and hypothesis were also stated in the introduction. The introduction was concluded with the delimitation and limitations of the study. The review of related literature was made on the basis of these concepts – History and development of sports, concept of sports development/sports development, Development of sports in Nigeria, Sports in Primary and Secondary Schools in Nigeria, Mass participation in sports, Elitism in sports, Sports in Nigeria tertiary institutions, and sports culture in Nigeria. This work also gave details of the research methodologies including the research design, population, and sample and sampling technique of selected sample. It also included the instrument, validation of instrument, how the questionnaire was administered to the respondents in the research and the methods of data analysis used in the treating the data collected. The research presented results of the data, interpreted and discussed the analysed data. Means, standard deviations and standard error of the means were used to explain items on the questionnaire, while a non-parametric test of chi- square statistics was used to test the null hypothesis. Significant differences was established on the influence of Nigeria tertiary institutions in the development of elitism and development of ports infrastructures but, there was no significant differences established on the influence of Nigeria tertiary institutions in the talent identification and development of interest in sports participation among Nigerian youths in the University of Ibadan. The researcher summarises the study, drew conclusions and offered recommendations.
Conclusion.
From the findings of the study, the following conclusions were made.
- There is no significant perceived barriers to the talent identification in the University of Ibadan.
- There is significant perceived barriers to the development of elitism in Nigerian sporting culture.
- There is significant perceived barriers to the development of infrastructure in sports in Nigerian sporting culture
- There is no significant perceived barriers to the development of interest of Nigeria youths in sports.
Recommendations
Based on the findings from this research the following recommendations were made
- A joint monitoring committee involving students and staff of tertiary institutions and members of the host communities should be set up to encourage greater participation of members of the tertiary institutions and those of the host communities. Through this, the tertiary institutions will influence sports participation in Nigeria.
- Youths and other members of the host communities should make all sports facilities in the tertiary institutions open for use.
- The government and the tertiary institutions should award scholarship to students and youths in the host communities who excel in competitive sports to read courses of their choice as means of motivation to take to elite sports as this will promote professionalism among Nigerian athletes.
- Special treatment should be given to elite athletes in Nigeria tertiary institutions to encourage greater interest in professionalism in sports among students in Nigeria.
- The government should intensify its effort in the provision of modern sporting facilities and equipment in the universities and other tertiary institutions for all age brackets.
- The maintenance of sports facilities and infrastructures should be a joint responsibility between the managements of the tertiary institutions and the leaders of the host communities.
- To elicit interest in sports participation among the youths, wealthy individuals, Sport philanthropists and corporate organisations should sponsor joint tertiary institutions students and host community youth championship with handsome rewards for best performing athletes.
There should be varieties of sports competitions between the tertiary institution teams and the host community sports clubs to foster unity, interest in sports participation and development of skills in view to becoming future elite athletes.
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