Motivational Factors as Determinants of Exercise Adherence Among University of Ibadan Female Undergraduate Students
CHAPTER ONE
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objectives of the study are;
- To ascertain the important of exercise among female student in University of Ibadan
- To ascertain the motivational factors that encourage female students to exercise
- To ascertain whether exercise affect academic performance of female students of University of Ibadan
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Introduction
Despite the many known benefits of exercise, most individuals remain physically inactive, and for those who initiate an exercise program, most do not maintain the exercise long enough to receive health benefits. Within the general U.S. population, nearly half of those who initiate exercise are unable to stick with their program or regimen for at least six months (Dishman, 1994; McAuley, Jerome, Marquez, Elavsky, & Blissmer, 2003). Consequently, recognition has been given to the notion that the determinants of adoption and maintenance of exercise differ. The diverse determinants of physical activity and exercise cannot be generalized to both the adoption/initiation of exercise and the adherence to exercise (Dishman, 1994). The adherence of exercise is a separate entity in the physical activity research and the determinants of exercise adherence necessitate further study. Although the conceptual understanding of exercise adherence is continuously refined, researchers have not been able to convert these findings into clearly measurable or applicable guidelines. The purpose of this chapter is to evaluate and review the physical activity and exercise literature focusing on the major behavioral factors related to regular participation and adherence. The chapter is divided in two sections: (1) Evaluation of physical activity and exercise adherence research, and (2) Review of the behavioral factors related to adherence. The first section serves two major purposes. The first purpose is to present several major limitations found in the exercise adherence research including the inconsistencies in the definition of adherence as well as the factors studied to predict adherence. The second purpose is to present a theoretical model of change that serves as a basis to understanding and defining adherence. The second section also serves two major purposes. The first purpose it to provide support, through the research, for the inclusion of the behavioral factors used in this study to predict adherence. These factors include (a) fitness planning and positive appraisal; (b) social support; (c) weight and diet; and (d) stress management. The second purpose is to examine the influence of age and gender on adherence research. This review is necessary to determine which factors contribute specifically to adherence and enhance the interpretability and application of future research in this area.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research design
The researcher used descriptive research survey design in building up this project work the choice of this research design was considered appropriate because of its advantages of identifying attributes of a large population from a group of individuals. The design was suitable for the study as the study sought to motivational factors as determinants of exercise adherence among university of Ibadan female undergraduate students
Sources of data collection
Data were collected from two main sources namely:
Primary source:
These are materials of statistical investigation which were collected by the research for a particular purpose. They can be obtained through a survey, observation questionnaire or as experiment; the researcher has adopted the questionnaire method for this study.
Secondary source:
These are data from textbook Journal handset etc. they arise as byproducts of the same other purposes. Example administration, various other unpublished works and write ups were also used.
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Introduction
Efforts will be made at this stage to present, analyze and interpret the data collected during the field survey. This presentation will be based on the responses from the completed questionnaires. The result of this exercise will be summarized in tabular forms for easy references and analysis. It will also show answers to questions relating to the research questions for this research study. The researcher employed simple percentage in the analysis.
DATA ANALYSIS
The data collected from the respondents were analyzed in tabular form with simple percentage for easy understanding.
A total of 133(one hundred and thirty three) questionnaires were distributed and 133 questionnaires were returned.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was on motivational factors as determinants of exercise adherence among university of Ibadan female undergraduate students. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of motivational factors as determinants of exercise adherence among university of Ibadan female undergraduate students
Summary
This study was motivational factors as determinants of exercise adherence among university of Ibadan female undergraduate students. Three objectives were raised which included: To ascertain the important of exercise among female student in University of Ibadan, to ascertain the motivational factors that encourage female students to exercise and to ascertain whether exercise affect academic performance of female students of University of Ibadan. In line with these objectives, two research hypotheses were formulated and two null hypotheses were posited. The total population for the study is 200 students of university of Ibadan. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study. A total of 133 respondents made final year student, year four students, year three students and year two students were used for the study. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies
Conclusion
Important conclusions from this study to understand what to do, people to start the habit of exercise which is a great challenge but understanding to preserve the character of a person in the exercise to ensure that the following behavior is more difficult. This is what the research is to study how to make a personal commitment to exercise. The discovery is to promote factors and environmental factors to simultaneously comply with Yoo (1991) stated that the behavior of adherence to exercise a combination indistinguishable (complex) of interaction between the factors of individual factors, social factors, and cognitive factors and are consistent with Irwin et al. (2004) who said that would encourage individual adherence behavior to join an exercise program for a period of time, it must be understood that as a result of the influence of variables on the basis of population (Demographic) Physiology (Physiologic) and psychosocial variables (Psychosocial). The feedback from this research, according to studies, experiences and lifestyle factors that influence adherence to exercise behavior of university students who are adhered to exercise each time a relationship since the first practical exercise activity during the practice of physical activity and a range of exercise adherence. So, who is responsible for encouraging people to exercise to make people adhere to exercise, it should promote continued support. The style of living to adhere to the exercise of university students who are adhered to exercise of this research will form a better understanding of the various factors, psychosocial, which used to be there should be a strategic advantage, create a program to promote physical activity in accordance with hence the need to develop programs to promote adherence to physical activity for students in the future which is a long-term program.
Recommendation
- Ministry of education should make exercise compulsory from secondary school to university level
- If this shift helped more women to approach their goals with greater self-determination, the effects could be profound women would likely persist and succeed at meeting their exercise-related goals more often, and they would experience increased physical self-efficacy, positive affect, and satisfaction with life.
References
- Anshel, M. (2007). Conceptualizing applied exercise psychology. The Journal of the American Board of Sport Psychology,
- Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory. Englewood Cliffs, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey.
- Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman.
- Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory: An agentive perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 1-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.1
- Biddle, S. J. H., & Fuchs, R. (2009). Exercise psychology: A view from Europe. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 30, 1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2009.02.011
- Biddle, S. J. H., & Mutrie, N. (2008). Psychology of physical activity: Determinants, well-being, and interventions (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.
- Brehm, B. A. (2004). Successful Fitness Motivation Strategies. United States: Human Kinetics.
- Buckworth, J., & Dishman, R. K. (2002). Exercise psychology. United States: Human Kinetics.
- Buckworth, J., & Dishman, R. K. (2007). Exercise adherence. In G. Tenenbaum, & R. C. Ecklund (Eds.), Handbook of sports psychology (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John C. Wiley & Sons, Inc. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118270011.ch23
- Byers, T., Nestle, M., McTiernan, A., Doyle, C., Currie-William, A., & Gansler, T. (2002). American Cancer Society Guidelines on Nutrition and Physical Activity for Cancer Prevention: reducing the risk of cancer with healthy food choices and physical activity. CA-Cancer Journal of Clinicians, 52, 92-119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3322/canjclin.52.2.92
