Modern Washing Machine, Principles of Operation and Maintenance
CHAPTER ONE
The Objectives are:
- To provide linen free or dirt, soils and stairs to all users.
- To monitor and enforce controls necessary to prevent spoilage (wear and tear due to washing) of linen and reduce the frequency of linen turn over by increasing the life period.
- To maintain record of effectiveness of cleaning disinfecting and turnover.
- To stay undated regarding developments in the field in the interest of efficiency, economy, accuracy and provision of better patient care.
- To undertake studies for improvement of clean practices and processing method to provide supplies economically.
- To develop a cost effective program by cost analysis of personnel, supplies and equipment.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
MODER WASHERS
In the early 1990s, up market machine incorporated microcontroller for, the timing process. These proved reliable and cost effective, so many cheaper machines now incorporate microcontrollers rather than electron mechanical timer.
In 1994, Staber industries released the system 2000 washing machine, which is the top-loading horizontal axis washer to be manufactured in the unit state. The hexagonal tab spins like a front loading machine, only using about third of the water as conventional top loaders. This factor had led to an energy star rating for its high efficiency.
In 1998, New Zealand based company fisher and introduced its smart drive washing machine line in the US. This washing machine uses a computer controlled system to determine certain factor such as load size and automatically adjusts the wash cycle to match. It also used a mixed system of washing first with the Eco-active wash, using a low level of re-circulated water being sprayed on the load follow by a more traditional style wash. Other variation includes the intuitive Eco, which can sense the water level and type of fabric in the wash load, and the agitatoriess. Aquasmart line, the smart drive also included direct drive brushless DC electric motor, which simplified the bowl and agitator drive doing away with the need for a gearbox system.
In 2000, the British inventor Jame Dyson launched the CRO1 contra rotator, a type of washing machine with two cylinder rotating in opposite directors. It was claimed that this design reduced the wash time and produced cleaner washing than a single cylinder machine. In 2004, there was the launch of the CRO2, which was the first washing machine to gain the British Allergy Foundation seal of Approval.
However, neither of the contra rotator machines are now in production as they were too expensive to manufacture.
In 2001 Whirlpool Corporation introduced the calypso, the first vertical-axis high efficiency washing machine to be top-loading. A wash plate in the bottom of the tub nutated.
To bounce, shake and toss the laundry around, simultaneously, water containing detergent was sprayed on to the laundry. The machine proved to be good at cleaning, but gained a bad reputation due to frequent at cleaning, but gained a bad reputation due to frequent breakdown and destructive of laundry. The washer was recalled with a classaction lawsult and pulled off the market.
In 2003 Maytag introduced their top-loading Neptune washer, instead of a agitator, the machine had two wash plate, perpendicular to each other and at a 45 degree angle from the bottom of the tub. The machine would fill with only a small amount of water and the two wash plates would tumble the load within it, mimicking the action of a front loading washer in a vertical axis design.
In 2007 Sanyo introduced the first drum type washing machine with Air wash function. This washing machine uses only 50 liters of water in the recycle mode.
In 2008, the University of Leads created a concept washing machine that uses only a cup (less than 300ml) of water and 20kg of reusable plastic beads to carry out a full wash. The machine leaves clothes virtually dry, and uses less than 2% of the water and energy otherwise used by a conventional machine. As such it could save billion of liters of water each year. The concept is being developed as the xeros washing machine.
In 2013, a French designer created L increvable an open source washing machine delivered in kit for self assemble. In order to fight planned obsolescence its design is simplistic and every constituent is replaceable, it is a designed to last over 50 years.
- Features available in most modern consumer washing machines.
- Delayed execution a timer to delay the start the laundry cycle.
- Predefined programs for different laundry type rotation speed settlings.
- Variable temperature including cold washes additionally some of the modern machine feature.
- Child lock
- Steam
- Time remaining indication
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
DESIGN PROCESS
Operating the washing machine
Operating the washing machine is pretty simple. There are a few things to decide before you start your load of laundry, such as the size of the load (i.e. small, medium, large, or extra-large), what temperature the water will be for the wash are rinse cycles (i.e. cold/cold, warm/warm, warm/cold, hot/cold) how the machine should agitate (i.e. delicate, knit, permanent press, heavy) and how long the cycles should last in terms of the number of minutes, based on how soiled your clothes are.
PLUMBING
After you fill the tub with clothes and make your selections, the plumbing on the washing machine fills it with the correct temperature of water. The machine then re-circulates the wash water from the bottom of the wash tub back to the top (during the wash cycle) and then pumps the water out the drain (during the spin cycle).
CHAPTER FOUR
INTRODUCTION
HOW DOES YOUR WASHING MACHINE REALLY WORK?
Over the years, you have probably washed your clothes hundreds of times, but have you ever wondered what’s inside your washing machine that makes it do its magic? For example, how does it spin the clothes so fast without leaking water? Why does the agitator switch directions? And why are there multiple cycles? Our experts venture inside a washing machine to answer all of these question and more.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY & CONCLUSION
SUMMARY
The heart of the agitator type washing machine is the agitator, which usually consists of vanes or blades on a cone that fits over a central shaft in the washer tub. As the agitator turn back and forth, the blades or vane catches clothes and move then about.
This movement also creates currents in the water, which contribute to the cleaning acting. There are almost as many agitator designs as there are washers that use agitators. Agitator has vanes or blades of various number design and size, which are arranged perforated plastic or metal (usually aluminum).
Most agitator-type washing machines employ an oscillating (black-and-forth) action during the wash cycle.
To produce this oscillating action, the arm is generally connected off-center to a low-speed gear wheel. As this gear wheel turns, it imparts a back and forth motion to the arm. This motion, in turn is transmitted to a pinion gear which drives the agitator.
They are also other method of driving the agitator. For instance, a few models provide a some other imparts an up and down, pulsating motion to it. While the oscillating action is the one most commonly used for the washing operation, some machines of this type employ a rotating or revolving motion to spin the tub or basket for the extraction operation.
To accomplish this, a clutch action of some type is used to disengage one set of gears and engage the other.
One such clutch used in washers consist of a pin dropping in place in a hole in the drive gear to engage it or it may be a friction type, as it frequently found in automobiles.
Incidentally, agitator-type washing machines are top loading meaning that the clothes are placed in the washer through a door or lid that open on the top of the unit.
The front load type of automatic washer has gained in popularity in recent years.
CONCLUSION
Soil removal in a modern washing machine is a combination of chemical and mechanical processes.
- Mechanical action: Flexing the clothes and forcing the detergent or soap through removes the soil.
The functioning of the washer is aided by the heat and softness of the water, which increases the chemical action of the detergent or soap used.
- Chemical action: The detergent or soap solution dissolves and loosens the soil in the fabric.
Almost all modern automatic washers employ one of two types of mechanical action tumbler or agitator.
The latter is by far the more popular and more commonly used. But all automatic washers, regardless of type, model or make have only four base function. (1) Fill (2) Wash (3) Pump out, and (4) Extraction (Spin).
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