Level of Awareness Among Pregnant Women Assessing Anti Natal Care in Primary Health Center
CHAPTER ONE
Objective of the study
The objectives of the study are;
- To identify the attitude of pregnant women regarding the Antenatal care in primary health center in Lagos state
- To assess the level of awareness of pregnant women assessing anti natal care in primary health center in Lagos state
- To assess practice of pregnant women regarding Antenatal care in the primary health center
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
INTRODUCTION
Every minute, at least one-woman dies from the pregnancy related complication or childbirth, or 529,000 women a year. Moreover, about 20 more people suffer from injuries, infections or illnesses that affect about 10 million women every year, for every woman who dies at birth. Studies show that the cause of maternal mortality in developing countries is mainly due to poor access to maternal health care. Because of poor antenatal and maternity ward, as well as inadequacies in available care. (Igbokwe, 2012). Expectant mothers indicated that 49% received no antenatal care, even in the presence of no cost and low cost public health sector ANC services. It is reported that out of 900 pregnant women, 811 (90%) had at least one visit. Only 11% of the women had ≥ four antenatal visits. Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey confirms that maternal deaths are not merely a result of treatment failure; rather they are the final outcome of a complex interplay between a myriad of social, cultural and economic factors (Majrooh et al., 2014). Half of the women were satisfied with the overall care provided to them. The routine antenatal investigations provided to majority of women like urine, blood, antenatal examination and blood pressure. About 86.2% women said that they have to wait for more than two hours for checkups. Regarding satisfaction with getting medicine 63% found dissatisfied, 75% of women did not have complete tetanus vaccine. Only 31% received instructions about antenatal care, 46% received information about exercise and 36% were reassured about discussing fear and anxiety (Sutan et al., 2016). The state of women’s health in Pakistan is unsatisfactory, with the majority suffering from preventable and treatable risks and diseases associated with child bearing. According to the Demographic Health Survey in Pakistan, 70% of pregnant women have not received antenatal care, 23% receive preventive care by a physician, 3% by a nurse, medical health care or family caregiver, and 4% by trained or untrained traditional obstetricians (TBAs). There are several factors, which affect the use of antenatal facilities, such as educational level, awareness of the importance of antenatal care (Birmeta, Dibaba et al. 2013). Most of the women 85% knew about the benefits in terms of antenatal care and had sufficient knowledge about the importance of antenatal care. Majority of pregnant women visited 58% regularly antenatal care 56% booked in the first trimester for provision (Onasoga et al., 2012). In a survey 85.5%, beneficiaries received at least three antenatal nursing services from any healthcare institution. Community Health Center was the most common source of such care. Significant differences found between beneficiaries who had used three antenatal visits and did not exist in terms of age, socioeconomic status and time of registration (Roy et al., 2013). Knowledge revealed that majority of women knows that, woman needs at least five visits of antenatal follow up throughout her pregnancy 92.2%. However, only 52.8% interviewed women know that the important of using contraceptives methods. About 7.8% of the women did not know that pregnancy women needs at least five visits of antenatal follow up throughout her pregnancy.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research is the process of arriving at a dependable solution to problems through planned and systematic collection, analyzing and interpretation of data (Osuala, 1993).
Green and Full (1975) defines research methodology as the specification of procedures for collecting and analyzing the data necessary to solve the problem at hand such that the differences between the cost of obtaining various levels of accuracy and the expected value of the information associated with each level of accuracy is optimized.
Thus, in this chapter the method and techniques of data collection and analysis for this study are discussed in details, research design, population of study, sample and sampling technique, sources of data collection, research instrument, validity of the instrument, reliability of the instrument, procedure for administration of research instrument, as well as the limitation of the research methodology. This will be important in order to assess the level of awareness among pregnant women assessing Anti Natal care in primary health center.
Research Design
The research design adopted in this research work is the survey research design which involves the usage of self-designed questionnaire in the collection of data. Under the survey research design, primary data of this study will be collected from selected primary health centers in Ikeyi, Lagos state in order to determine level of awareness among pregnant women assessing Anti Natal care in primary health center. The design was chosen because it enables the researcher to collect data without manipulation of any variables of interest in the study. The design also provides opportunity for equal chance of participation in the study for respondents.
Population of Study
The population of study is the census of all items or a subject that possess the characteristics or that have the knowledge of the phenomenon that is being studied (Asiaka, 1991). It also means the aggregate people from which the sample is to be drawn.
Population is sometimes referred to as the universe. The population of this research study will be Seventy-five (75) selected staffs of primary health centers in Ikeyi, Lagos state
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
This chapter is about the analysis and presentation of data collected from the field through questionnaire. The analysis of the data with particular question immediately followed by the presentation of findings.
As mentioned in chapter three, 50 questionnaires were administered and 50 were retrieved and necessary analysis was carried out on them.
The above table indicate that 11 (22%) represents respondents who strongly agreed that there is attitude of pregnant women regarding the Antenatal care in primary health center in Lagos state, 35 (70%) represents respondents who agreed that there is attitude of pregnant women regarding the Antenatal care in primary health center in Lagos state, 1 (2%) represents respondents who strongly disagreed that there is attitude of pregnant women regarding the Antenatal care in primary health center in Lagos state, 3 (6%) represents respondents who disagreed that there is attitude of pregnant women regarding the Antenatal care in primary health center in Lagos state.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain level of awareness among pregnant women assessing Anti Natal Care in primary health center. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of pregnant women assessing Anti Natal Care in primary health center
Summary
This study was on level of awareness among pregnant women assessing Anti Natal Care in primary health center. Three objectives were raised which included: To identify the attitude of pregnant women regarding the Antenatal care in primary health center in Lagos state, to assess the level of awareness of pregnant women assessing anti natal care in primary health center in Lagos state and to assess practice of pregnant women regarding Antenatal care in the primary health center. In line with these objectives, three research questions and research hypotheses were formulated and three null hypotheses were posited. The total population for the study is 75 staffs of selected health centers in Ikeyi, Lagos state. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study.
Conclusion
This study posited that there was significant difference between awareness and use of antenatal care services among pregnant women in Ikeyi, Lagos state, but women showed poor willingness to report pregnancy associated problems early and do not complete immunization schedules at the health centers of the LGA. The poor attitude and unwillingness of pregnant women in Ikeyi remain a challenge and posed a threat to both lives of the pregnant woman and her unborn baby.
Recommendation
It is recommended that Governments at all levels particularly in Ikeyi primary health center, and Non-governmental organizations should strengthen the existing awareness levels of pregnant women about antenatal care services in the primary health care centres. Priority should be given to health education intervention programmes among other primary health care programmes to improve use of ANCS and health awareness among pregnant women especially on the significant of early reporting of pregnancy problems and completion of immunization schedules at health centres of Ikeyi, Lagos state
References
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