Knowledge of Risk Factors and Consequences of Self-medication Among Student Nurses of Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Ihiala
Chapter One
Research Objectives
The following research Objectives were drawn to direct the study:
- Ascertain the reasons for self-medication among nursing students in Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital Ihiala
- Ascertain the most frequently used medicines used for self-medication among nursing students in Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital Ihiala
- Ascertain the implications of self-medication among nursing students in Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital Ihiala
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEWED OF RELATED LITERATURE
SELF-MEDICATION
Self-medication, defined as the use of non-prescription medications or traditional remedies without professional medical supervision, is a widespread practice globally (World Health Organization, 2000). It often stems from the desire for quick relief from symptoms, convenience, cost-saving motives, or lack of access to healthcare services (Hughes et al., 2019). Studies have shown varying prevalence rates of self-medication across different populations. A systematic review by Grigoryan et al. (2007) reported self-medication rates ranging from 8% to 92%, with higher rates observed in low- and middle-income countries. Commonly self-medicated conditions include minor ailments like headaches, colds, and gastrointestinal symptoms (Grigoryan et al., 2007; Gutema et al., 2011).
Several factors contribute to the practice of self-medication. These include easy accessibility of over-the-counter (OTC) medications, limited healthcare infrastructure, inadequate healthcare provider-patient communication, and patient dissatisfaction with healthcare services (Auta et al., 2012; Bennadi, 2014; Grigoryan et al., 2007).
Self-medication can have adverse consequences on individual health, public health, and healthcare systems. Misuse or overuse of medications may lead to adverse drug reactions, drug interactions, antibiotic resistance, and delayed diagnosis of underlying health conditions (World Health Organization, 2000; Bennadi, 2014; Hughes et al., 2019).
Healthcare professionals play a crucial role in addressing self-medication practices. A study by Alhomoud et al. (2016) highlighted the importance of pharmacist intervention in educating patients about the appropriate use of OTC medications and promoting rational drug use.
KNOWLEDGE OF RISK FACTORS ON SELF-MEDICATION
Understanding the risks associated with self-medication is crucial for promoting responsible healthcare practices. This section examines the existing literature on the knowledge of risk factors among individuals engaged in self-medication and explores factors influencing their awareness.
Research indicates varying levels of awareness among individuals regarding the potential risks of self-medication. Auta et al. (2012) found that while some participants were knowledgeable about adverse drug reactions and drug interactions associated with self-medication, there were gaps in understanding appropriate medication use and dosage.
Health literacy plays a significant role in shaping individuals’ understanding of medication risks. Grigoryan et al. (2007) suggested that individuals with higher levels of education tend to have better knowledge of the risks associated with self-medication. Gutema et al. (2011) similarly observed that health sciences students exhibited greater awareness of medication-related risks compared to the general population.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, we described the research procedure for this study. A research methodology is a research process adopted or employed to systematically and scientifically present the results of a study to the research audience viz. a vis, the study beneficiaries.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research designs are perceived to be an overall strategy adopted by the researcher whereby different components of the study are integrated in a logical manner to effectively address a research problem. In this study, the researcher employed the survey research design. This is due to the nature of the study whereby the opinion and views of people are sampled. According to Singleton & Straits, (2009), Survey research can use quantitative research strategies (e.g., using questionnaires with numerically rated items), qualitative research strategies (e.g., using open-ended questions), or both strategies (i.e., mixed methods). As it is often used to describe and explore human behaviour, surveys are therefore frequently used in social and psychological research.
POPULATION OF THE STUDY
According to Udoyen (2019), a study population is a group of elements or individuals as the case may be, who share similar characteristics. These similar features can include location, gender, age, sex or specific interest. The emphasis on study population is that it constitutes of individuals or elements that are homogeneous in description.
This study was carried to examine knowledge of risk factors and consequences of self medication among student nurses of our lady of lourdes hospital Ihiala. Selected nurses in Ihiala hospital form the population of the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the analysis of data derived through the questionnaire and key informant interview administered on the respondents in the study area. The analysis and interpretation were derived from the findings of the study. The data analysis depicts the simple frequency and percentage of the respondents as well as interpretation of the information gathered. A total of eighty (80) questionnaires were administered to respondents of which only seventy-seven (77) were returned and validated. This was due to irregular, incomplete and inappropriate responses to some questionnaire. For this study a total of 77 was validated for the analysis.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain knowledge of risk factors and consequences of self medication among student nurses of our lady of lourdes hospital ihiala. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing knowledge of risk factors and consequences of self medication among student nurses of our lady of lourdes hospital
Summary
This study was on a knowledge of risk factors and consequences of self medication among student nurses of our lady of lourdes hospital. Three objectives were raised which included: Ascertain the reasons for self-medication among nursing students in Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital Ihiala, ascertain the most frequently used medicines used for self-medication among nursing students in Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital Ihiala and ascertain the implications of self medication among nursing students in Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital Ihiala. A total of 77 responses were received and validated from the enrolled participants where all respondents were drawn from selected nurses in Ihiala hospital. Hypothesis was tested using Chi-Square statistical tool (SPSS).
Conclusion
In conclusion, the study on the knowledge of risk factors and consequences of self-medication among student nurses of Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital Ihiala sheds light on the awareness levels and understanding of this critical public health issue among future healthcare professionals. Through surveys, questionnaires, and interviews, it was revealed that while student nurses possess a basic understanding of self-medication, there are notable gaps in their knowledge regarding associated risk factors and potential consequences.
Recommendation
Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital Ihiala should review and enhance the nursing curriculum to include comprehensive education on self-medication, covering risk factors, consequences, prevention strategies, and ethical considerations.
The hospital should provide student nurses with ample opportunities for clinical exposure and hands-on experience in medication management, including patient education on safe medication practices and the importance of seeking professional healthcare advice.
Regular workshops, seminars, and continuing education programs should be organized to keep student nurses updated on the latest evidence, guidelines, and best practices related to self-medication and medication safety.
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