Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Couples Towards Modern Family Planning (a Case Study of Zungeru Road Fegge Local Government Kano State)
CHAPTER ONE
Objectives of the Study
The main objective of this study was to assess the KAP of couples towards MFP in Zungeru Road, Fegge Local Government, Kano State. The specific objectives were:
- To assess the level of knowledge about modern family planning methods among couples.
- To determine the attitudes of couples towards the use of modern family planning methods.
- To examine the current practices of couples regarding modern family planning methods.
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Conceptual Review
Modern Family Planning (MFP)
Modern Family Planning (MFP) encompasses a range of contraceptive methods and techniques designed to help individuals and couples control the timing, spacing, and number of their children. The primary goal of MFP is to enable people to make informed decisions about reproduction, thereby improving overall health outcomes and enhancing quality of life. This approach integrates a variety of contraceptive methods, each with distinct mechanisms and efficacy levels, allowing for tailored solutions based on individual or couple preferences and health considerations (Khan & Shaikh, 2022).
MFP is a critical component in reducing maternal and infant mortality rates by preventing unintended pregnancies and enabling healthier timing between births. It also contributes to economic stability and growth by allowing families to plan their economic resources more effectively. Through informed decision-making, individuals and couples can avoid the financial and health burdens associated with unplanned pregnancies (Prachi et al., 2018).
Several types of contraceptive methods are available, each with unique characteristics, advantages, and limitations. These methods are categorized into hormonal, barrier, intrauterine, permanent, and natural methods, providing a range of options to meet diverse needs and preferences.
Hormonal contraceptives include oral pills, patches, injections, and hormonal implants. These methods work by altering the hormonal cycle to prevent ovulation, thus reducing the likelihood of pregnancy. Hormonal contraceptives are highly effective when used correctly, but they require adherence to specific usage schedules and can have side effects (Beekle, 2022).
Barrier methods, such as condoms and diaphragms, physically prevent sperm from reaching the egg. Condoms also offer the additional benefit of protecting against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Barrier methods are readily accessible and do not involve hormonal intervention, making them a suitable option for individuals who prefer non-hormonal approaches (Menhaden et al., 2022).
Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are another effective method, which includes hormonal IUDs and copper IUDs. These devices are inserted into the uterus and provide long-term contraception by either releasing hormones or creating an environment that is toxic to sperm. IUDs are highly effective and require minimal maintenance once inserted (Mahadeen et al., 2022).
Permanent methods, such as sterilization, offer a long-term solution for individuals or couples who are certain they do not want more children. Female sterilization involves surgical procedures to block or seal the fallopian tubes, while male sterilization, or vasectomy, involves cutting and sealing the vas deferens. These methods are highly effective but are generally considered irreversible (Sreytouch, 2022).
CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
Research design outlines the structure of a study and the methods used to collect and analyze data. In this study, a quantitative survey research design was chosen to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of couples towards modern family planning (MFP) in Zungeru Road, Fegge Local Government, Kano State. This design was selected because it allows for the collection of numerical data that can be statistically analyzed to identify patterns, relationships, and trends (Saunders, Lewis, & Thornhill, 2019).
Quantitative research is particularly suitable for studies aiming to quantify variables and test hypotheses using structured tools like questionnaires. It provides a broad overview of the subject matter and facilitates the generalization of findings to a larger population. In this study, the quantitative approach was justified as it enabled the systematic examination of the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding MFP among a significant sample of couples, thus providing objective and reliable results (Bell, Bryman, & Harley, 2019).
Population of the Study
The target population for this study comprised couples residing in Zungeru Road, Fegge Local Government, Kano State. The choice of this population was motivated by the high relevance of understanding MFP practices in an area where healthcare resources are limited and where family planning issues are particularly pronounced (Handady et al., 2021).
A target population of 1200 respondents was selected to ensure a comprehensive representation of the community’s demographic diversity. This number was deemed adequate to capture a wide range of responses and provide a robust analysis of the KAP regarding MFP. The large sample size also enhances the study’s statistical power, making it possible to detect significant relationships and differences within the data (Creswell & Creswell, 2018).
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
Data Presentation
The results presented in Table 4.1 reveal that 108 out of 120 distributed questionnaires were returned completed, representing 90% of the total responses. This high completion rate indicates strong participant engagement and suggests that the data collected is likely to be representative of the study population. The remaining 12 questionnaires, or 10%, were either not returned or were incomplete. This relatively low rate of non-responses implies that the questionnaire was well-received and that most participants were committed to providing full responses.
The substantial percentage of completed questionnaires is significant for this study as it enhances the reliability and validity of the findings concerning couples’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards modern family planning (MFP). With 90% of the questionnaires completed, the study benefits from a robust dataset that supports comprehensive analysis of the research objectives. Additionally, the low percentage of incomplete responses helps minimize potential biases and contributes to the overall accuracy of the analysis, thereby bolstering the study’s conclusions with a high level of confidence.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings
The study aimed to explore the adoption of modern family planning methods among couples in Zungeru Road, examining various factors such as knowledge, attitudes, practices, and barriers related to these methods. Through a comprehensive analysis of the collected data, several key findings emerged that provide insight into the current state of family planning practices in the community.
The response rate was notably high, with 90% of the distributed questionnaires being completed and returned. This high response rate enhances the reliability of the data and ensures that the findings are reflective of the population studied. The demographic breakdown of respondents, as detailed in Table 4.2, showed a near-equal representation of males (53.7%) and females (46.3%). This gender balance is crucial for ensuring that the findings are inclusive of both perspectives on family planning.
Educational attainment among respondents varied, with a substantial proportion holding either a Master’s degree (27.8%) or other higher education qualifications (37.0%) as indicated in Table 4.3. This high level of education is indicative of a population likely to be more informed about family planning options and their benefits. The predominance of educated respondents suggests that they may have a greater understanding and acceptance of modern family planning methods compared to less educated groups.
Marital status was predominantly married (84.3%) as shown in Table 4.4. This is significant because married couples are the primary focus of family planning interventions. The sample also included single (13.0%) and divorced (2.8%) individuals, providing a comprehensive view of different family structures and their engagement with family planning methods.
Recommendations
The study on the adoption of modern family planning methods among couples in Zungeru Road provides important insights that have significant implications for policy, practice, and future research. The findings reveal the intricate relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and practices in influencing the adoption of family planning methods. These insights can inform various strategies and interventions aimed at improving family planning outcomes and addressing the needs identified.
The results underscore the necessity for comprehensive policy interventions. To address the identified gaps, it is crucial for policymakers to support the integration of family planning education into broader health and social programs. Strengthening educational programs is a key area where policies should focus. Developing and implementing educational campaigns that provide accurate and accessible information about modern family planning methods is essential. These campaigns should be culturally sensitive and tailored to the specific knowledge gaps and misconceptions identified in the study. The dissemination of information through schools, community centers, and health clinics can help increase awareness and understanding of family planning options.
Recommendations
Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations are proposed to enhance the effectiveness and uptake of family planning services:
- Enhance Educational Programs: Develop and implement targeted educational campaigns that provide clear, accurate, and culturally sensitive information about modern family planning methods. These programs should be delivered through various channels, including schools, community centers, and health clinics, to reach a broad audience and address existing knowledge gaps.
- Promote Positive Attitudes: Launch community outreach initiatives aimed at improving public attitudes towards family planning. Engage local leaders, influencers, and community organizations to advocate for the benefits of family planning, challenge misconceptions, and foster a supportive environment for discussing family planning issues.
- Expand Accessibility: Increase the availability of family planning services in underserved areas, particularly in rural and remote regions. This can be achieved by establishing more service delivery points, including mobile clinics, and ensuring that family planning methods are affordable and accessible to all couples.
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