Knowledge and Understanding of the Effects of Immunization of Children Under the Age of 5 Years
CHAPTER ONE
Objective of the study
The objectives of the study are;
- To find the effect of knowledge of mother on immunization of children under the age of 5years
- To find out the effect of education of mother on immunization of children under the age of 5 years
- To find out the effect of religion of mother on the immunization of children under the age of 5 years
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Theoretical Framework
According to Trochim (2006), Theory is what goes on in the head of the researcher or what the researcher is thinking in his head, while observation is what goes on in the real world where data are collected. Theories help in guiding researchers to come up with research questions and problem statements through the findings of analysis of data and conclusions, while theoretical frameworks provide the rationale for the study and also enable the readers to understand the perspective of the researcher and support the fact that the study is backed by established theories and empirical facts from credible studies (Trochim, 2006). I used Andersen’s behavioral model to frame this study. Andersen’s behavioral model was created to empirically test hypotheses about inequality of access to health services in the United States (Willis, 1998). The Andersen model addresses the concern that some populations, specifically people from ethnic minority groups, people who live in inner cities, and people who live in rural areas, who receive less health care provision than the rest of the population (Phillips et al., 1998). Andersen’s model views access to services as a result of decisions made by individuals, which are constrained by their position in society and the availability of health care 13 services (Phillips et al., 1998). The Andersen model is useful because of its flexibility in allowing researchers to choose independent variables related to their specific hypotheses, such as hypotheses regarding social inequalities. According to Phillips et al. (1998) the Andersen model (see Figure 1) has become one of the most widely used frameworks to predict health care use since its inception more than 40 years ago.
Health Care System
The responsibility for the management of health systems is shared among the federal, state, and local governments of Nigeria. The federal government is charged with the responsibility of providing policy guidelines and overall technical guidance to the states and the LGAs, in addition to running the tertiary health institutions which comprise teaching hospitals, federal medical centers in states without teaching hospitals, and other national specialized hospitals (i.e. national orthopedics hospitals, psychiatric hospitals, eye centers, ear centers, and laboratories). 28 The states are responsible for monitoring and supervision, as well as providing technical and policy guidance to the LGAs, in addition to the running of the secondary health facilities to provide health care services through the general and specialist hospitals (Health Reform Foundation of Nigeria, 2007). The LGAs are in control of primary health care (PHC) centers and provide services at this level of care, including maternal and child health care. At this level, there are various services being provided ranging from curative care, to routine immunization (preventive) and health promotion activities, depending on the facility and its available healthcare staff. Despite the strategic position of Nigeria in the African continent for its economic strength, and sophistication of its government oversight structure, its health care system has suffered major setbacks and the nation is seriously underserved in the healthcare sphere.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, we described the research procedure for this study. A research methodology is a research process adopted or employed to systematically and scientifically present the results of a study to the research audience viz. a vis, the study beneficiaries.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research designs are perceived to be an overall strategy adopted by the researcher whereby different components of the study are integrated in a logical manner to effectively address a research problem. In this study, the researcher employed the survey research design. This is due to the nature of the study whereby the opinion and views of people are sampled. According to Singleton & Straits, (2009), Survey research can use quantitative research strategies (e.g., using questionnaires with numerically rated items), qualitative research strategies (e.g., using open-ended questions), or both strategies (i.e., mixed methods). As it is often used to describe and explore human behaviour, surveys are therefore frequently used in social and psychological research.
POPULATION OF THE STUDY
According to Udoyen (2019), a study population is a group of elements or individuals as the case may be, who share similar characteristics. These similar features can include location, gender, age, sex or specific interest. The emphasis on study population is that it constitutes of individuals or elements that are homogeneous in description.
This study was carried to examine knowledge and understanding of the effects of immunization of children under the age of 5 years. Selected nursing mothers in Ibadan form the population of the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the analysis of data derived through the questionnaire and key informant interview administered on the respondents in the study area. The analysis and interpretation were derived from the findings of the study. The data analysis depicts the simple frequency and percentage of the respondents as well as interpretation of the information gathered. A total of eighty (80) questionnaires were administered to respondents of which only seventy-seven (77) were returned and validated. This was due to irregular, incomplete and inappropriate responses to some questionnaire. For this study a total of 77 was validated for the analysis.
TEST OF HYPOTHESIS
H0: there is no effect of knowledge of mother on immunization of children under the age of 5years
H1: there is effect of knowledge of mother on immunization of children under the age of 5years
H0: there is no effect of education of mother on immunization of children under the age of 5 years
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain knowledge and understanding of the effects of immunization of children under the age of 5years. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of knowledge and understanding of the effects of immunization of children under the age of 5years
Summary
This study was on knowledge and understanding of the effects of immunization of children under the age of 5years. Three objectives were raised which included: To find the effect of knowledge of mother on immunization of children under the age of 5years, to find out the effect of education of mother on immunization of children under the age of 5 years and to find out the effect of religion of mother on the immunization of children under the age of 5 years. A total of 77 responses were received and validated from the enrolled participants where all respondents were drawn from selected nursing mothers in Ibadan. Hypothesis was tested using Chi-Square statistical tool (SPSS).
Conclusion
Majority of the children were completely immunized for age and immunization coverage was 85 percent. Sociodemographic factors that influenced immunization status included age of the index child, place of delivery and level of education of the caregiver.
Recommendation
- Government should organize awareness to the nursing mothers the important of immunization to children under the age of 5 years
- It is important for the various governments at all levels to strengthen policies relating to Universal Basic Education (MDG 2) for female children’s education in order to increase the enrollment and attainment of at least secondary education by all girls before they are married. This recommendation is based on the findings from the study on the role women’s education in the completion of the immunization schedule
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