Knowledge and Practice of Adolescents Towards the Use of Family Planning Method in Selected Secondary Schools in Ilorin East Local Government Area of, Kwara State Ilorin.
CHAPTER ONE
Objectives of the Study
Broad Objectives:
To assess knowledge and practice of adolescents towards use of family planning.
Specific Objectives:
- To assess the knowledge and practice of adolescent’s use of family planning.
- To identify the impact of religious background toward adolescents used of contraceptives.
- To evaluate how age affect adolescents use of family planning.
- To ascertain the practices been used in family planning among the adolescents in selected secondary schools in Ilorin East local Government.
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEWED OF RELATED LITERATURE
Conceptual Review
Concept of Adolescence (Adolescents)
According to (WHO, 2013) Adolescence is defined as the second decade of life (10–19 years of age) is a time when significant physical, psychological, and social changes occur. During this period of development, adolescents gain more advanced patterns of thinking and reasoning, seek to forge their own identities, form new social relationships and attachments, and develop an increasing sense of responsibility and independence. It is also a time when adolescents may face social challenges such as inadequate educational opportunities, limited prospects for finding rewarding work, and health challenges such as early and unintended pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, violence, anxiety, and depression
Adolescence is the developmental period of transition between childhood and adulthood; it involves biological, cognitive and socio-emotional changes. These changes transform the young person’s vision of the self into more complexes, well-organized and consistent picture. Self conception of adolescents changes in structure. As well as content; structurally it becomes more differentiated and organized. Adolescents are more likely to employ complex, abstract and psychological self-characterization. Self esteem, the evaluative side of self-concept is also modified during these years. Adolescent’s well organized self description and expanded sense of self-esteem provide the cognitive foundation for constructing an identity (Steinberg, 2014).
Adolescence is the period of heightened sensitivity for rapid learning and of critical acquisitions which determine the general style of adult life. Adolescents with high self concept are considered to achieve high academic achievements which will provide their identity in the society, get good career opportunities, get acceptance from peer, parents and teachers, develop leadership qualities, and enhance their life skills etc (DynaMed, 2015).
Contraception
Contraception also known as birth control, anti-conception, and fertility control is a method or device used to prevent pregnancy. Birth control has been used since ancient times, but effective and safe methods of birth control only became available in the 20th century (Roe AH and Bartz, 2019). Planning, making available and using birth control is called family planning. Some cultures limit or discourage access to birth control because they consider it to be morally, religiously, or politically undesirable. The term birth control is a bit of a misnomer since abortion is not regularly considered under the term (Roe, 2019)
The World Health Organization and United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention provide guidance on the safety of birth control methods among women with specific medical conditions. The most effective methods of birth control are sterilization by means of vasectomy in males and tubal ligation in females, intrauterine devices (IUDs), and implantable birth control. This is followed by a number of hormone-based methods including oral pills, patches, vaginal rings, and injections. Less effective methods include physical barriers such as condoms, diaphragms and birth control sponges and fertility awareness methods. The least effective methods are spermicides and withdrawal by the male before ejaculation. Sterilization, while highly effective, is not usually reversible; all other methods are reversible, most immediately upon stopping them. Safe sex practices, such as with the use of male or female condoms, can also help prevent sexually transmitted infections. Other methods of birth control do not protect against sexually transmitted diseases. Emergency birth control can prevent pregnancy if taken within 72 to 120 hours after unprotected sex. Some argue not having sex is also a form of birth control, but abstinence-only sex education may increase teenage pregnancies if offered without birth control education, due to non-compliance (WHO, 2016)
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, we described the research procedure for this study. A research methodology is a research process adopted or employed to systematically and scientifically present the results of a study to the research audience viz. a vis, the study beneficiaries.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research designs are perceived to be an overall strategy adopted by the researcher whereby different components of the study are integrated in a logical manner to effectively address a research problem. In this study, the researcher employed the survey research design. This is due to the nature of the study whereby the opinion and views of people are sampled. According to Singleton & Straits, (2009), Survey research can use quantitative research strategies (e.g., using questionnaires with numerically rated items), qualitative research strategies (e.g., using open-ended questions), or both strategies (i.e., mixed methods). As it is often used to describe and explore human behaviour, surveys are therefore frequently used in social and psychological research.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the analysis of data derived through the questionnaire and key informant interview administered on the respondents in the study area. The analysis and interpretation were derived from the findings of the study. The data analysis depicts the simple frequency and percentage of the respondents as well as interpretation of the information gathered. A total of eighty (80) questionnaires were administered to respondents of which only seventy-seven (77) were returned and validated. This was due to irregular, incomplete and inappropriate responses to some questionnaire. For this study a total of 77 was validated for the analysis.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain knowledge and practice of adolescents towards the use of family planning method in selected secondary schools. Selected secondary schools in Ilorin East Local government of Kwara state. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing an knowledge and practice of adolescents towards the use of family planning method in selected secondary schools.
Summary
This study was on knowledge and practice of adolescents towards the use of family planning method in selected secondary schools. Selected secondary schools in Ilorin East Local government of Kwara state. Five objectives were raised which included: To assess the knowledge and practice of adolescent’s use of family planning, to identify the impact of religious background toward adolescents used of contraceptives, to evaluate how age affect adolescents use of family planning and to ascertain the practices been used in family planning among the adolescents in selected secondary schools in Ilorin East local Government. A total of 77 responses were received and validated from the enrolled participants where all respondents were drawn from Selected secondary schools in Ilorin East Local government of Kwara state. Hypothesis was tested using Chi-Square statistical tool (SPSS).
Conclusion
This study sought to examine knowledge and practice of adolescents towards the use of family planning method in selected secondary schools. The findings of the study revealed that there is no significant difference between attitude of male and female secondary school students towards use of family planning Also, there is no significant difference in the attitude of students in public and private secondary school towards use of contraceptives in Selected secondary schools in Ilorin East Local government of Kwara state
Recommendation
Students should be strongly encouraged to postpone or delay the initiation of sexual activities. For young people who are already engaged in sexual intercourse, a discussion of contraceptive methods and prevention of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV/AIDS is essential.
The schools should carry out programmes that will enable students to know and understand the risk of unsafe sex practices, abortion and develop communication skills to discuss with school counsellor, parents, and health professional.
References
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