Job Satisfaction and Employee Commitment to Work: Comparative Study of Education and Banking Institutions
CHAPTER ONE
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this study therefore are:-
- to determine the factors that could motivate employees to put extra commitment;
- to determine the relationship between job satisfaction and worker attitude toward organisational goal attainment;
- to discover the influence of co-operation and interpersonal relation among workers on their commitment to work;
- to discover the extent to which promotion and recognition can affect worker’s commitment; and
- to determine the degree of satisfaction of workers with their condition of service.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
The chapter reviews the work of previous researchers who have carried out similar research on factors that affect employee job satisfaction in institutions of higher education in Nigeria. This mainly covers the literature in relation to the research questions as follows; what economic factors contribute to employee job satisfaction in institutions of higher education in Nigeria?, What environmental factors determine employee job satisfaction in institutions of higher education in Nigeria? And what strategies can be used to foster employee job satisfaction in institutions of higher education in Nigeria?
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Introduction
This chapter covers the methodology and procedures that were used for collecting and analyzing data for the study. This chapter deals with the type of research design; the population and sampling design; data collection methods and data analysis methods. The chapter summary will provide an outline of the areas covered in this chapter.
CHAPTER FOUR
RESULTS AND FINDINGS
Demographic Characteristics
The study sought to find out the gender of the respondents that participated in the study. Table 4.1 provides a summary of the population based on the gender, department and duration of work that took part in the study.
CHAPTER FIVE
DISCUSSION, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Introduction
This chapter consists of four sections, namely; summary, discussion, conclusions and recommendations. The initial section provides a summary of the important elements of the study that includes purpose of the study, methodology, and the findings. The following subsequent section discusses the major findings of the study with regards to the research questions, while using the findings and results that are obtained in the fourth chapter. The last sub-section provides the recommendations.
Summary
The main purpose of the study was to investigate the factors affecting employee job satisfaction in institutions of higher education in Nigeria with a specific reference to UNILAG. This study was guided by the following three questions: what economic factors affects employee job satisfaction at UNILAG? What environmental factors affect employee job satisfaction at UNILAG? And what strategies foster employee job satisfaction at UNILAG?
Conclusion
Economical Factors Affecting Employee Job Satisfaction
The first research question was to investigate which economical factors affect employee job satisfaction in institutions of higher education in Nigeria. Employees‟ compensation level as an economical factor affects their satisfaction level in that most of them are concerned with what they are paid and what they are supposed to be paid in job market while inflation and economic policies also contribute to their satisfaction level. Despite all these, the value of Rsquared was 67.4% of employee job satisfaction is of economic and environmental factors whereas the F-value was 72.404. The model was not fit for the data, meaning economic factors is not statistically significant predictor for employee job satisfaction because Ho (p>0.05) hence there is no relationship. In conclusion, economic factors have no effect on employee job satisfaction and were not a suitable factor to determine employee job satisfaction.
Environmental Factors Affecting Employee Job Satisfaction
The second research question was to investigate which environmental factors affect employee job satisfaction in institutions of higher education in Nigeria. Employees are more concerned with their working environment. Employees are likely to be satisfied with their jobs if they have a conducive working environment and therefore stay longer with the organization. This includes good relationship with their supervisor and a co-workers, job security, human resources policies and welfare programs to support their well being. Employers should put all these in check to ensure a highly motivated workforce that will be result oriented.
Strategies that Foster Employee Job Satisfaction
Finally the study looks into some of the strategies that foster employee job satisfaction in institutions of higher education in Nigeria. Modern-day organizations are increasingly adopting strategic human resource management for attaining suitable advantages and satisfying employees. Promotion, reward and recognition programs opportunities for the best performers and career advancement are so far the best and widely used strategies by employers in satisfying their employees at the work place. This should be done on merit for it to be remain relevant, effective and efficient .moreover provision of good human resources development environment which includes providing training opportunities for employees and salary reviews should be reviewed more often in line with the labor market and the ever changing cost of living for employees to afford a decent life style.
Recommendations
The following are the recommendations for improvement based on the three research questions and also recommendations for further studies.
Recommendations for Improvement
Economical Factors Affecting Employee Job Satisfaction
With regard to economical factors, although the study revealed that employees perceive economical factors to be important, salary reviews should be done more frequently through benchmarking with similar institutions in the industry with going market rate to ensure employees‟ salaries remain competitive and reflect the job needs and skills of the employees.
Environmental Factors Affecting Employee Job Satisfaction
Regarding economical factors of employee job satisfaction, the study confirms that environmental factors affect employee job satisfaction given by multiple linear regression model which revealed that environmental factors is positively affecting employee job satisfaction and thus for every unit increase in environmental factor employee job satisfaction increases by 0.835. The study highly recommends that institutions of higher education in Nigeria should pay more attention to all the above mentioned environmental factors in order to remain relevant and competitive in the labor market and service delivery while at the same time conform to the human resources best practice.
Strategies That Foster Employee Job Satisfaction
Regarding the strategies that foster employee job satisfaction, institutions of higher education should be more innovative, creative and proactive when dealing with employees by improving on their social welfare programs which include team building activities, offering training on the already available policies with an aim of empowering employees and employee engagement through frequent job reviews. Employers in this sector should also review their reward and recognition program to suit the employees‟ needs and place emphasis on the work-life balance initiatives like offering family leave to its employees to enable them have time with their families or family day out which should be included on the institution calendar to be observed at least once a year as a way of acknowledging the big roles of the families of its employees. Lastly, the training budget should be increased to meet the training needs of the employees as a way of nurturing talent while at the same time developing them.
Recommendations For Further Studies
This study was conducted at a single private institution. It is recommended that further studies be conducted in public institutions and consider other factors that might influence employee job satisfaction in institutions of higher education such as demographical and political factors affecting employee job satisfaction. This study focused on employees, it is also recommended that further studies be conducted focusing on how organization structure, culture and management styles may influence employee job satisfaction in institutions of higher education in Nigeria.
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