Insecurity, a Threat to National Development
CHAPTER ONE
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1 To appraise the nature of insecurity in Nigeria.
2 To determine the causes of insecurity in Nigeria.
3 To determine the effect of insecurity on national development in Nigeria.
4 To determine measures to mitigate and eliminate insecurity in Nigeria.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
INTRODUCTION
This chapter gives an insight into various studies conducted by outstanding researchers, as well as explained terminologies with regards to insecurity and national development.
The chapter also gives a resume of the history and present status of the problem delineated by a concise review of previous studies into closely related problems.
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The theoretical take off point of this paper admonishes us to explore the harmonious interactions of people with their environments. It is a call for the interdependence of relationships with a view to a better understanding of the need for mutuality, cordiality and laying a strong foundation for both the present, as well as the succeeding generations. Political tolerance of the opinion of others is not negotiable. A party in power must tolerate the opposition because the country belongs to all and a culture that promotes bickering, irredentism and terrorism must be avoided. Democratic plant of free will, within the ambit of the law, must be nurtured with demonstrable understanding and mutual respect for one another. Political leaders must be responsive to the yearnings of the people and must equally propound the philosophy of constitutionalism. Insensitivity of the leadership to the games of politics, and disrespect for the views of the weak, give room to developing recalcitrant behaviors, which result into terrorism.
CONCEPTUAL ISSUES
There are divergent approaches to conceptualizing security which is the antithesis of insecurity. This paper therefore seeks to examine the concept of security to facilitate a good understanding of the concept of insecurity. Security need was the basis of the social contract between the people and the state, in which people willingly surrendered their rights to an organ (government) who oversees the survival of all. In this light security embodies the mechanism put in place to avoid, prevent, reduce, or resolve violent conflicts, and threats that originate from other states, non-state actors, or structural socio-political and economic conditions (Stan, 2004). For decades, issues relating to security were on the front burner in the development discourse. Several attempts have been made since the cold war ended to redefine the concept of security from a state-centric perspective to a broader view that places premium on individuals, in which human security that embodies elements of national security, human rights and national development remain major barometer for explaining the concept. At the heart of this debate there have been attempts to deepen and widen the concept of security from the level of the states to societies and individuals, and from military to non-military issues (Nwanegbo and Odigbo, 2013; Kruhmann, 2003).
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
This chapter states the various methods used in research, as well as the population of the study, and sampling techniques used in determining the sample size for the research. How data was collected and analysed is also discussed in this chapter.
The main objectives of this research were achieved through quantitative methods, as inferential statistics were used to measure the level of accuracy and validate responses from the respondents in accordance to the objectives of the research.
STUDY AREA
The study was conducted in Bornu State. Borno, is a state in north-eastern Nigeria. Its capital is Maiduguri. The state was formed in 1976 from the split of the North-Eastern State. Until 1991 it contained what is now Yobe State. The state is dominated by the Kanuri and Babur while few Shuwa Arab ethnic groups are found. Shuwa Arabs are mainly the descendants of Arab people and is an example of the endurance of traditional political institutions in some areas of Africa, where the emirs of the former Kanem-Bornu Empire have played a part in the politics of this area for nearly 1,000 years. The current dynasty gained control of the Borno Emirate in the early 19th century and was supported by the British, who prevented a military defeat for the group and established a new capital for the dynasty at Maiduguri or Yerwa (as referred to by the natives) in 1905, which remains the capital to this day.
RESEARCH DESIGN
The research design used for this study was the descriptive research design. Since data characteristics were described using frequencies and percentages, and no manipulations of data or variables were necessary, the researcher chose this research design. The researcher discarded other alternatives such as the causal and explanatory research designs, because accurate findings and data analysis may not be achieved.
POPULATION OF THE STUDY
The population for this study are employees of Action Aid International Nigeria, Maidugri. The population figure for the study was 45respondents, comprising of Action Aid International officials from various departments such as operations, finance, administration etc. The reason for choosing The maidugri office is that it has a fairly large number of AAIN Officials that can fairly reflect the true state of AAIN peace-keeping in Africa.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
This chapter is devoted to the presentation, analysis and interpretation of the data gathered in the course of this study. The data are based on the number of copies of the questionnaire completed and returned by the respondents. The data are presented in tables and the analysis is done using the chi-square test.
HYPOTHESIS 1
H0: The level of national development in Nigeria is high.
H1: The level of national development in Nigeria is low.
Level of significance: 0.05
Decision rule: reject the null hypothesis if the p-value is less than the level of significance.
CHAPTER FIVE
FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
The objectives of the study were to:
- To appraise the nature of insecurity in Nigeria
- To determine the causes of insecurity in Nigeria
- To determine the effect of insecurity on national development inNigeria
- To determine measures to mitigate and eliminate insecurity Iin Nigeria.
Findings from the study revealed the following:
- Nigeria is currently engrossed in insecurity issues.
- There is a relationship between insecurity and underdevelopment in Nigeria.
- The level of national development in Nigeria is high
- The level of insecurity in Nigeria is high
- The effect of insecurity on national development in Nigeria is high.
REFERENCES
[1] Achumba, I. C., Ighomereho, O. S., &Akpan-Robaro, M. O. M. (2013). Security Challenges in Nigeria and the Implications for Business Activities and Sustainable Development. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 4(2), 79-99.
[2] Adagba, O., Ugwu, S. C., &Eme, O. I. (2012). Activities of Boko Haram and Insecurity Question in Nigeria. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 1(9), 77-99.
[3] Adamu, A. (2005). True Federalism in the 21st Century Nigeria. A Lecture Delivered at University of Jos Alumni Association, Lagos, 24th March.
[4] Adeola, G. L., & Oluyemi, F. (2012). The Political and Security Implications of Cross Border Migration between Nigeria and Her Francophone Neighbours. International Journal of Social Science Tommorrow, 1(3), 1-9.
[5] Adigwe, F. (1979). Essentials of Government For West Africa. Ibadan, Ibadan University Press
[6] Ake, C. (2001). Democracy and Development in Africa. Ibadan: Spectrum Books Limited.
