Influence of Teachers Welfare on Students Academic Performance in Selected Secondary Schools
CHAPTER ONE
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The main purpose of this study is to examine the impact of teacher’s welfare on students academic Performance in some selected secondary schools in Ishielu Local Government Area of Ebonyi states. Specifically the study is determine to;
- Investigate the influence of regular payment of teacher’s salary on student’s academic performance in some selected secondary schools in Ishielu Local Government Area.
- Find out the influence of regular promotion of teachers as at when due on students academic Performance in some selected secondary schools in Ishielu Local Government Area.
- Examine the influence of academic workshop, seminar and conference program on teachers effective teaching and learning on student’s academic performance in some selected secondary schools in Ishielu Local Government Area
- Fine out the strategies for improving on teachers’ welfare on students’ academic performance in some selected secondary schools in Ishielu Local Government Area.
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
INTRODUCTION
Our focus in this chapter is to critically examine relevant literatures that would assist in explaining the research problem and furthermore recognize the efforts of scholars who had previously contributed immensely to similar research. The chapter intends to deepen the understanding of the study and close the perceived gaps.
Precisely, the chapter will be considered in three sub-headings:
- Conceptual Framework
- Theoretical Framework
- Empirical Review and
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Concept of Welfare
Welfare is defined as the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. Welfare comes in form of motivation which is what causes us to act, whether it is getting a glass of water to reduce thirst or reading a book to gain knowledge. There are three major components to motivation: activation, persistence and intensity. Activation involves the decision to initiate a behavior, such as enrolling in an education class. Persistence is the continued effort toward a goal even though obstacles may exist, such as taking more education courses in order to earn a degree although it requires a significant investment of time, energy and resources.
Finally, intensity can be seen in the concentration and vigor that goes into pursuing a goal. For example, one student might coast by without much effort, while another student will study regularly, participate in discussions and take advantage of research opportunities outside of class. The same can be said of teachers in day secondary schools. Different types of welfare as motivation are frequently described as being either extrinsic or intrinsic.
Extrinsic motivations are those that arise from outside of the individual and often involve rewards such as trophies, money, social recognition or praise. Intrinsic motivations are those that arise from within the individual, such as doing a complicated cross-word puzzle purely for the personal gratification of solving a problem. Implications for Management is that; if the motivation-hygiene theory holds, management not only must provide hygiene factors to avoid employee dissatisfaction, but also must provide factors intrinsic to the work itself in order for employees to be satisfied with their jobs.
Some of the things that caused low teacher motivation include; Student –related problems where, poor discipline, laziness, lack of work ethics, disrespect of teachers and school rules, late-coming, high absenteeism and absconding. Others include; Academic Instruction and curriculum, where the teachers complained that the focus is mainly academic and not holistic; maintenance of records and assessment tasks is time-consuming; deteriorating numeracy and literacy skills impedes progress; drop in pass requirements lowers standards; lack of professional development and collaboration at school level reduces teacher confidence; they needed to be consulted for input in syllabus changes. This was according to a study by Magendri Perumal (2011).
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
AREA OF STUDY
Ishielu is a Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Ezillo. It has an area of 872 km² and a population of 151,048 at the 2006 census. The postal code of the area is 481.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research designs are perceived to be an overall strategy adopted by the researcher whereby different components of the study are integrated in a logical manner to effectively address a research problem. In this study, the researcher employed the survey research design. This is due to the nature of the study whereby the opinion and views of people are sampled.
POPULATION OF THE STUDY
According to Udoyen (2019), a study population is a group of elements or individuals as the case may be, who share similar characteristics. These similar features can include location, gender, age, sex or specific interest. The emphasis on study population is that it constitute of individuals or elements that are homogeneous in description.
This study was carried out to examine the influence of teachers welfare on students academic performance in selected secondary schools in Ishielu Local Government Area of Ebonyi State. The teachers from six (6) selected secondary schools in Ishielu Local Government Area of Ebonyi State form the population of the study.
The six (6) selected secondary school for this study are:
- Community secondary school, Ntezi Agaga
- Community secondary school, Agba
- Comprehensive secondary school, Nkalagu
- Girls High School, Ezillo
- Model comprehensive secondary school, Unuhali
- Community secondary school, Ohafia
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
In this chapter, data collected from the distributed questionnaire was presented and analyzed adequately using frequency distribution table (approximately numbered for references) and percentages for comparison of the data and easy interpretation of findings.
Table 4.5 shows that 60 representing 54.55% respondent disagreed that teachers do not receive their promotions as at when due, while 50 representing 45.45 respondents agree that teachers’ promotion is done based on merit against 60 (54.55%) respondents who agreed that teachers’ promotion is not done based on merit. On whether the situation discourage or affect teachers’ moral in teaching, 60(54.55%) respondents agreed while 50(45.45%) respondents disagreed.
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusion
This study was carried out to examine the influence of teachers welfare on students academic performance in selected secondary schools in Ishielu local government area of Ebonyi State.
This study has shown that with adequate welfare elements such as regular and prompt payment of salaries and allowances, upward review of salaries, implementation of promotions, provision of conducive working environments, availability of teaching aids/instructional materials etc. would help to improve the job performance of teachers and the standard of education.
Recommendations
Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations were made.
- Regular and prompt payment of salaries and allowances should be made available to teachers in Ishielu Local government area, in order to enhance their dedication to duties.
- Government of Ishielu local government council and Ebonyi state government should look into the allocation or monthly salaries and allowances of teacher with a view to reviewing and increasing it, since the economic situation in the country is not static and favourable. This will help to increase the job performance of the teachers.
- Promotion exercise should always be conducted annually and as at when due and subsequently implemented without delay so as to reflect on their salaries.
- The working environment under which teachers perform their duties should be made conducive enough to boost there interest in the teaching and learning process.
- Adequate teaching aids and materials should be made available for effective teaching and learning.
REFERENCES
- Ajaegbu J. N (2015) the effect of non-payment of salaries on the effectiveness and efficiency of civil servants in Abia state. (unpublished seminar paper).
- Bernes, C (2017) the motivation of educators for work; new york Macmillan publisher.
- Bhola, H.S. (2015) evaluating literacy for development projects, programmes and campaign, Haurburg; Robert Seeman Brainfel.
- Brown, C.B (2016) teachers’ motivation and productivity and its impacts on academic performance of students with particular reference to Akuku Toro Local Government Area. College of education, rivers state (unpublished Thesis).
- Dyke, A (2016) developing responsibilities and right of teachers; the educational quarterly, vol. xxviii.
- Ebel, R (2014) encyclopedia of educational research, 4th edition; London; Macmillan co and coler Macmillan Ltd.
