Influence of Parental Discipline on Emotional Adjustment of Secondary School Students
CHAPTER ONE
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objectives of this study include:
- To investigate the role of parents in the emotional adjustment of secondary school students.
- To identify the extent at which parental discipline has affected the emotional adjustment of students in secondary schools.
- To enumerate the different disciplinary measures taken by parents.
- To differentiate different categories of single or intact parents that have influenced the emotional adjustment of secondary school students.
- To suggest solutions to be taken in order to avoid emotional imbalance while trying to impose discipline on children.
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
INTRODUCTION
Our focus in this chapter is to critically examine relevant literature that would assist in explaining the research problem and furthermore recognize the efforts of scholars who had previously contributed immensely to similar research. The chapter intends to deepen the understanding of the study and close the perceived gaps.
Precisely, the chapter will be considered in three sub-headings:
- Conceptual Framework
- Theoretical Framework and
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Concept Of Parental Role;
Teachers can have a better understanding of infants by implementing parental involvement because infants spend much more time with their parents than any other people. Parents are infants’ first teacher and continue to play an active role in their education and lives. According to the study conducted by Bronfenbrenner (1979), students’ achievement was always shaped by their life outside the school and highlighted the importance of parents’ role. Therefore, parents’ words, behaviors, and beliefs would have a great deal of influence on their children’s development, even in the development in infancy (Hedenbro & Rydelius, 2019; Lamb et al., 2002). Involving parents in their children’s education not only increases the child’s achievement (Nevski & Siibak, 2016; Pineda et al., 2018) but also helps parents to understand their children and teachers better to improve their instruction. Followings are the benefits of parental involvement: Some researchers considered that parental involvement in young children’s education can
- promote infants’ social–emotional development (Hedenbro & Rydelius, 2019; Langevine, 2020);
- improve student achievement (Daniel et al., 2016; Epstein, 2018; Otani, 2019; Puccioni, 2018), especially the linguistic achievement (Tan et al., 2019);
- promote better grades, test scores, school attendance (Epstein, 2018; Mata et al., 2018), and school behavior (LaBahn, 1995; Mata et al., 2018; Roy & Giraldo-GarcĆa, 2018);
- help students have better performance and motivate students (Silinskas & Kikas, 2019);
- help parents increase their interaction and discussion with their children and are more responsive and sensitive to their children’s social, emotional, and intellectual developmental needs at home and in the school (Mata et al., 2018);
- offer opportunities for parents and teachers to create mutual respect and understanding (e.g., attending school meetings, supporting school events, talking to teachers or volunteering at the school; Mata et al., 2018);
- help parents and teachers build a good relationship so that parents can have a better understanding of the teacher’s job and school curriculum (Epstein, 2018; Owen, 2016); and help teachers acquire a better understanding of families’ cultures and diversity, and form deeper respect for parents’ abilities and time (Epstein, 2018).
Defining parental involvement is not so easy a task, as it encompasses mul- tiple behaviors. In this review, parental involvement is seen as those behaviors shown by the parents, including the home and school environments, that are intended to support not only their children’s educational progress but also their social/emotional skills (El Nokali et al., 2010; Goleman, 1998). Ongoing research on parental involvement has often been drawn from the model by Epstein (2010) and describes teacher–parent relationships as based on communication and cooperation and parental involvement as malleable depending on the practices of teachers, administrators, other parents, and students.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, we described the research procedure for this study. A research methodology is a research process adopted or employed to systematically and scientifically present the results of a study to the research audience viz. a vis, the study beneficiaries.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research designs are perceived to be an overall strategy adopted by the researcher whereby different components of the study are integrated in a logical manner to effectively address a research problem. In this study, the researcher employed the survey research design. This is due to the nature of the study whereby the opinion and views of people are sampled. According to Singleton & Straits, (2009), Survey research can use quantitative research strategies (e.g., using questionnaires with numerically rated items), qualitative research strategies (e.g., using open-ended questions), or both strategies (i.e., mixed methods). As it is often used to describe and explore human behaviour, surveys are therefore frequently used in social and psychological research.
POPULATION OF THE STUDY
According to Udoyen (2019), a study population is a group of elements or individuals as the case may be, who share similar characteristics. These similar features can include location, gender, age, sex or specific interest. The emphasis on study population is that it constitute of individuals or elements that are homogeneous in description.
This study was carried out to examine the influence of parental discipline on emotional adjustment of secondary school students. Selected parents and students in Lagos metropolis especially, the Mainland Local Government Education District form the population of the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the analysis of data derived through the questionnaire and key informant interview administered on the respondents in the study area. The analysis and interpretation were derived from the findings of the study. The data analysis depicts the simple frequency and percentage of the respondents as well as interpretation of the information gathered. A total of three hundred and twenty (320) questionnaires were received from respondents of which all were validated.
Responses derived from the table above shows that all items (item 1- item 4) had mean scores of 2.50 and above, this indicates that respondents accepted all the items on how the role of parents in the emotional adjustment of secondary school students can be investigated.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
SUMMARY
This chapter of the study is set aside to determine summarized the descriptive analysis done in the precious chapters. It also gives the conclusion and makes some recommendation.
In the summary the purpose of this study was to examine the influence of parental discipline on emotional adjustment of secondary school students. Specifically the study focused on identifying the extent at which parental discipline has affected the emotional adjustment of students in secondary schools, enumerating the different disciplinary measures taken by parents, differentiate different categories of single or intact parents that have influenced the emotional adjustment of secondary school students and suggest solutions to be taken in order to avoid emotional imbalance while trying to impose discipline on children.
In order to carry out this study research questions formulated to guard the investigation. A total at 320 students of Lagos metropolis especially, the Mainland Local Government Education District were randomly selected as enrolled participants for the survey. The study was anchored on the Emotional Theory (Lake, 1980).
CONCLUSION
In the conclusion the study is beyond doubt and abundantly clear that parental discipline on students is paramount. However, most parents are not willing to be involved in their children’s lives thereby causing them to be emotionally deficient of love, discipline and care. From results obtained and analyzed, the study reveals that:
- There is a difference between the different categories of single or intact parents and their influence on the emotional adjustment of secondary school students.
- There is a difference between the emotional adjustment of students who are brought up by parents who are disciplinarians and those brought up by parents who are not and
- The social adjustment of students who are brought up by parental discipline differ from those who are not.
RECOMMENDATION
Recommendation on the basis of findings. The researcher made the following recommendation with the belief that when studied and applied, would help to improve parents involvement in children’s lives. The researcher recommends that:
Parents should try to ensure that their children are well disciplined as lack of it can bring about disastrous effects.
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