Impact of Safety Measure on Water Transportation in Nigeria
CHAPTER ONE
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main objective of this research work is on how to guarantee a safety measure on water transportation and to evaluate the impact of having a safety water transport system, among other are the following listed.
- To evaluate the water route transportation system.
- To examine the effect of poor water transport to the transportation system.
- To highlight the possible measure to improve the routes for water transportation
- Make the necessary recommendations to the government for enhancing the country’s water transportation system.
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
INLAND WATER TRANSPORT IN NIGERIA
Research and publications on inland water transport in Nigeria probably dates back to the pioneering works of Professor R.K. Udo in the 1970s. Udo (1970) noted that water is one of the natural resources which Nigeria has in abundance and that the country has the opportunity to service most landlocked countries in West Africa such as Burkina Faso, Chad, Mali and Niger. Ilojie (1984) also observed that Nigeria is richly endowed with surface water resources and that over 8000 kilometers of the inland waterways are navigable. Several other researchers such as Adetola (1971), Etu-Effeotor and Odidi (1983) Badejo (1995) Adams (1998, 1999, 2004), Ologunorisa (1999), Douglas (2001), Anyam (2003), Ojile (2006), and have written on various aspects of IWT in Nigeria such as the origin, advantages, neglect, management, problems and potentials of inland water transportation. For instance, Badejo (1995), and Adams (1998) established that the Niger River, after which the country is the named, and Benue, its largest tributary, are the main rivers whose channels provide the longest waterways into the hinterland of the country. Both rivers rise outside the country but meet at Lokoja confluence and later enter the gulf of Guinea through a large network of creeks and distributaries which form the Niger Delta. They also noted that rapids and falls are common along many Nigerian rivers and that these are partly responsible for the fact that navigation is not possible along certain parts of these rivers In another study, Adams (1999) discovered that the capacity of Nigerian navigable waterways has increased to about 10,000 kilometers plus an extensive coastline of about 852 kilometers. Based on this, he noted that the country has a huge potential to move goods and passengers from the coast to the hinterland by water. Also Anyam (2003) regretted that the immense opportunities which the Nigerian inland waterways provide for business is yet to be tapped by potential investors. He established that despite her huge potentials, inland water transport is yet to become an alternative means of transportation to road and air such that passengers and cargo can sustainably and efficiently by moved to their destination through water. Similarly, Adams (2004) lamented that inland water transport is yet to receive the attention it deserves from the federal government particularly in the twin areas of funding and infrastructural development. He outlined the physical impediments to improved performance in the sector to include non channelization and dredging of navigable rivers, inadequate construction and rehabilitation of river ports, limited water transported infrastructures (comfortable boats, jetties and bouys) and safety and security concern along the navigable waterways Ezenwaji (2010) focused on the poor use of inland rivers as transport routes in Nigeria. He compared the percentage share of that transport mode to others in Nigeria and elsewhere.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research design
The researcher used descriptive research survey design in building up this project work the choice of this research design was considered appropriate because of its advantages of identifying attributes of a large population from a group of individuals. The design was suitable for the study as the study sought to impact of safety measures on water transportation in Nigeria
Sources of data collection
Data were collected from two main sources namely:
Primary source and Secondary source
Primary source:
These are materials of statistical investigation which were collected by the research for a particular purpose. They can be obtained through a survey, observation questionnaire or as experiment; the researcher has adopted the questionnaire method for this study.
Secondary source:
These are data from textbook Journal handset etc. they arise as byproducts of the same other purposes. Example administration, various other unpublished works and write ups were also used.
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Introduction
Efforts will be made at this stage to present, analyze and interpret the data collected during the field survey. This presentation will be based on the responses from the completed questionnaires. The result of this exercise will be summarized in tabular forms for easy references and analysis. It will also show answers to questions relating to the research questions for this research study. The researcher employed simple percentage in the analysis.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was impact of safety measures on water transportation in Nigeria. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of safety measures on water transportation in Nigeria
Summary
This study was on impact of safety measures on water transportation in Nigeria. Three objectives were raised which included: To evaluate the water route transportation system, to examine the effect of poor water transport to the transportation system, to highlight the possible measure to improve the routes for water transportation, make the necessary recommendations to the government for enhancing the country’s water transportation system. In line with these objectives, two research hypotheses were formulated and two null hypotheses were posited. The total population for the study is 200 staff of ministry of transport, Abuja. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study. A total of 133 respondents made marine engineers, administrative staff, senior staff and junior staff were used for the study. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies
Conclusion
It is certain that safety represents a crucial factor that affects all components of the maritime industry and that the safety of modern maritime shipping is the result of a set of initiatives, research, regulations and innovations. Despite great breakthroughs in technology and safety at the workplace, the marine industry is still a relatively dangerous place to work. It is true that the progress in construction, design, electronic appliances and helpful navigational devices fitted onto the bridge has resulted in the increased safety at sea. However, other safety issues have emerged, such as piracy or legislative regulations that allow shippers to reduce operation costs at the expense of safety. Furthermore, insufficient manning leads to increased scope of work and, subsequently, fatigue and sleep deprivation of seafarers who are, consequently, less productive and more prone to accidents and injuries. Another issue arising from cutting operational costs is connected with hiring cheaper workforce from the countries which are unable to implement the adopted international standards in the professional education and training of seafarers.
Recommendation
Global public awareness should be raised, the above discussed factors that jeopardise the safety of modern navigation should be analysed and adequate measures should be taken across the maritime community in order to minimise the factors that put the safety of maritime shipping and safety of navigation at risk.
REFERENCES
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- Kopacz Z., Morgaǫ, W. and Urbaǖski, J., The Maritime Safety System; Its components and elements. The Journal of Navigation (2001), pp. 199-211. 5.
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