Impact of Public Expenditure Towards Economic Growth / Development
CHAPTER ONE
Objectives of the Study
The main objective is to the impact of public expenditure towards economic growth / development . The specific objectives are:
- To identify the impact of Public expenditurein the eradicating poverty in Nigeria strategies for poverty reduction
- To identify the various Public expenditureon economic growths.
- To ascertain whether the programme, Public expenditure’sskill acquisition and youth empowerment programmes has made positive impact people.
- To make a comprehensive analysis of the general performance of Public expenditure’s on skills acquisition and youth empowerment programmes as it best serves the rural people.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEWS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter has in it captioned and extracts from the writings and documents of recognized authorities and previous research findings relating to the research problem under the study “Economic growth Programmes”.
CONCEPTUAL MEANING OF DEVELOPMENT
The conceptualization of the term economic growth and development has over the years, frustrated attempt at planning of real economic growth and development by many government of the world. This conceptualization has consistently been presented in terms of economic growth without due regards to human economic growth and development, yet the Gross National Product (GNP) measures and other economic indicators per se do not give an indicator of the quality of life and the general welfare of the people whose level of economic growth and development is being measured.
The search for a better measurement of economic growth and development first gave rise to the popular social indicators movement in the 1980s. Tile United Nations Research Institute for Social Economic growth and development (UNRSD) discovered some inter-correlated variables which can serve an indicator of economic growth and development based on empirical study of some selected countries. Lately the United Nations Economic growth and development Programme (UNDP) also examined tile worldwide progress of people’s welfare and attempt to provide country-by-country comparison on a number of social and economic indicators which all emphasized on tile Gross National product (GNP), per capita and economic growth.
The two institutions however views economic growth and development in terms of per capita income, economic growth as well as Gross National Products (GNP) as being the major social and economic indicators for economic growth and development. They of course give room for examining how the gross national product and tile per capita income can be fairly distributed among the society, with subsequent equation of per capital income with real societal income. However, these institutions did not or fail to give room for assessing how fundamental and even aesthetic human potentials are gainfully or peacefully exercised to achieve their economic growth and development. In a similar vein, critics of the gross national product (GNP) and the per capital income (PCI) as a social and economic indicator of economic growth and development de-emphasized the rise in GNP and economic growth as the main indicator of economic growth and development, but instead emphasized on the elimination of poverty, inequality and unemployment within the economy as the new and more realistic indicator of social and economic economic growth and development. Taking this new perspective on economic growth and development, Dudley Seers asserts that to know if a country has developed or not, the questions to ask are:
“What has been happening to poverty? What has been happening to unemployment? What has been happening to inequality? If all these have decline from high to low level, then beyond doubt, there has been a period of economic growth and development for the country concerned. If one or two of these central problems have been growing worse, especially if all the three have, it would be strange to call the result economic growth and development, even if the per capita income doubled”.
This way of posing the questions focuses the attention on the fundamental problems which every society is supposed to solve. But how can these three problems of poverty, inequality and unemployment be solved in the society without due recognition and use of human potentials? The scholar fails to point out ways through which these fundamental problems could be tackled.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
Research methodology is a method of collecting relevant data during a research work. The significance of research methodology cannot be over emphasized because it is only through research methods that real facts could be uncovered.
The aim of methodology is to describe and analyze the method of any research work. However the aim of the methodology of this research work is to enable the hypothesis formulated to be tested by collecting data relating to it.
DESCRIPTION OF RESEARCH METHOD
Public expenditure and its impact on economic growth a case study of federal Inland Revenue is executed with a survey research design and questionnaire is used as research instrument. The survey design is chosen because it is effective in seeking the views of people about a particular issue that concerns then (Bukar, 2015).
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter seeks to present and analyze the data collected for this study. From the presentation and analysis of data, we stated our findings upon which we made conclusion based on empirical and theoretical deductions and offer recommendations accordingly.
There were altogether fifty (50) respondents and 10 point questionnaire to be answered on either two choice alternatives of Strongly Agree, Agree, Undecided, Disagree and Strongly Disagree. Out of the fifty questionnaires administered, forty-five (45) were fully and accurately answered and returned.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter will focus on the conclusion and recommendation which will be drawn.
CONCLUSION
One basic strategy of development to be adopted to increase national self-reliance is implementation of Public expenditure on human skill development/acquisition. Economic growth is the self-reliance strategy adopted by government to tackle the socio economic problem which has proved endemic and severe in the Nigerian society. The government should generate mutual benefit requiring the development in skills that can be put to economically productive use to satisfy the basic needs of human life. This means self confidence, reliance on one’s own potentials, skills and the capacity for autonomous goal setting arid decision making.
There is obviously a scope for development but the thrust should be on adaptation and generation of basic skills and vocational development programme that will exclude exploitative tendencies for their own development. This implies, the decentralization of these programmes down to the grassroots to enhance the sense of personal participation, and the trust in people; and the nation’s reliance on the capacity of the people themselves to invent and generate new skills and techniques, put them to economically beneficial use as well as to take a measure of command over their economy and to generate their own way of life.
To arrive at this condition of self-reliance, fundamental social and economic changes in the structure of the society will often be necessary. Equally necessary is the development of appropriate skill acquisition programmes compatible with and capable of supporting moves toward self-reliance.
Based on the findings of this research and the evaluation theory by Suchman, it is equivocally concluded that only has made impact on the socio-economic life of the rural people. As projects/activities of the programme highlighted in the study have rural inclination.
RECOMMENDATIONS
In line with the findings of this study it is pertinent to make recommendations which adaptation would go a long way in solving the problems militating against the attainment of economic growth in rural area. The following recommendations are therefore considered to be strategic.
- Public expenditureshould be rejuvenated, re-oriented and strengthened as well as provided with the necessary support for better performance. To eschew this unwholesome practice of the programme.
- Closely related to the above is the need for the provision of working materials (men, materials and money) for these programmes, more especially Public expenditurewhich has been firmly established in the rural areas.
- Necessary facilities, equipments and logistics should be provided to the programme to enhance better performance most especially if the self-reliance objective of the programmes is to be achieved.
- The credit schemes should be properly funded, strengthened and made to provide basic loans to grandaunts of various skill acquisition programmes, to enable them establish own business.
- There is the need for an effective monitoring of the entire activities of the programme at all stages of implementation. In this way, diversion of fund/resources to other uses as well as mismanagement of resources will be checked. As such, the monitoring department of this programme should be made more efficient and effective in identification of problems and subsequently proffering workable remedial solutions.
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