Impact of Poverty Alleviation Programmes on the Socio-economic Lives of Slum Dwellers
CHAPTER ONE
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The major objectives of the study are:
- The find out the extent to which the ongoing poverty alleviation programme of the National Directorate of Employment has been successful.
- To evaluate recent poverty alleviation programmes in Nigeria.
- To suggest ways of dealing with the problem of poverty in Nigeria.
- To ascertain the impact of poverty alleviation programme to slum dwellers
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
INTRODUCTION
A major problem with the literature on poverty alleviation and development as far as this study is concerned is that most works tend to focus more on poverty and development in general rather than being specific on alleviation efforts of individual countries. Attempt will, however, be made to look at these general issues and then try to tie them to the specifics later. The first attempt at providing a definition of poverty based on subsistence was made by Rowntree (1941). Although his study was about poverty in the city of New York, his views on what constitutes subsistence living ought to have universal appeal. In his words, “my primary poverty line represented the minimum sum of which physical efficiency could be maintained. It was a standard of bare subsistence rather than living. In calculating it, the utmost economy was practiced. A family living upon a scale allowed for this estimate must be governed by the regulation, nothing must be bought but rather which is absolutely necessary for the maintenance of physical health and what is bought must be of the plainest and most economic description”. Here, what is being emphasized is that only expenditures relating to those basic necessities would be tolerated. It means, for example, that a drunkard, whose income is enough for his basic things but who prefers to spend his income on alcohol instead of spending it on the basic necessities of life is not poor based on subsistence poverty. Thus it means that secondary poverty exists when income is enough to provide basic minimum items necessary for subsistence living but this income was diverted to other expenditures outside the categories necessary for subsistence. In terms of countries, Nigeria cannot be considered to be poor based on these explanations because it has enough, which if well distributed, could eliminate poverty in the country. Perhaps this explains why the foreign creditors have not granted debt cancellation to Nigeria. In discussion further, subsistence poverty; there are difficulties in determining the necessary minimum standards for subsistence living. There are many items needed for subsistence living whose quantity may vary from region to region and from one individual to another. Take, for example, the housing and fuel requirements. The requirements for these essentials vary from region to region.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research design
The researcher used descriptive research survey design in building up this project work the choice of this research design was considered appropriate because of its advantages of identifying attributes of a large population from a group of individuals. The design was suitable for the study as the study sought to impact of poverty alleviation programme on the socio economic lives of slum dweller
Sources of data collection
Data were collected from two main sources namely:
Primary source:
These are materials of statistical investigation which were collected by the research for a particular purpose. They can be obtained through a survey, observation questionnaire or as experiment; the researcher has adopted the questionnaire method for this study.
Secondary source:
These are data from textbook Journal handset etc. they arise as byproducts of the same other purposes. Example administration, various other unpublished works and write ups were also used.
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Introduction
Efforts will be made at this stage to present, analyze and interpret the data collected during the field survey. This presentation will be based on the responses from the completed questionnaires. The result of this exercise will be summarized in tabular forms for easy references and analysis. It will also show answers to questions relating to the research questions for this research study. The researcher employed simple percentage in the analysis.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain impact poverty alleviation programme on the socio economic lives in slum dwellers
In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of impact poverty alleviation programme on the socio economic lives in slum dwellers
Summary
This study was on impact poverty alleviation programme on the socio economic lives in slum dwellers. Four objectives were raised which included: The find out the extent to which the ongoing poverty alleviation programme of the National Directorate of Employment has been successful, to evaluate recent poverty alleviation programmes in Nigeria, to suggest ways of dealing with the problem of poverty in Nigeria, to ascertain the impact of poverty alleviation programme to slum dwellers. In line with these objectives, two research hypotheses were formulated and two null hypotheses were posited. The total population for the study is 200 staff of National Directorate of Employment Lagos State. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study. A total of 133 respondents made up logistics analysts, quality inspectors, supervisors and technicians were used for the study. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies.
Conclusion
It has been found from the results of the focus group discussion (FGD) that in the actual sense, government at one time or the other had put in place one program or the other towards alleviating poverty among the population. However, the expected achievement is marred by misplacement of priority that emanates from the pattern of the programmes. Furthermore, the empirical results conclude the revelation found from the FGD, such that the highest contributing sector (agricultural sector) has the highest number of poverty ridden members. It is therefore important to conclude that the policy target or objective is at variance with the outcome of such policies. Government thus needs a kind of performance evaluation towards reappraising and adjusting the instruments employed by the programmes by redirecting or focusing more on sectors which makes significant contribution to the economy i.e. poverty Alleviation Programs. The government could focus more on the most affected sector in the area of finance and credit facilities on the one hand, and organize a kind of storage facility (buffer stock) against surplus agricultural product or bumper harvest in order to sustain price stability on the other. This will assist the farmers to pay back their loans (where available) on time with little or no stress.
Recommendation
- a) Government policy on poverty alleviation should follow a multisectoral approach where all the stakeholders are given specific roles to play.
- b) Government should determine how the intended beneficiaries are to be identified to ensure that the benefits reach them directly.
- c) Government should initiate a comprehensive method of sustaining the programmes over a specified period of time.
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