Impact of Information Technology on Banking Industry in Nigeria (2010 to 2019)
Chapter One
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objectives of the study are;
- To evaluate the impact of information technology on banking industry in Nigeria.
- To examine the effect of information technology on banks customer relationship.
- To ascertain the relationship between information technology and bank performance
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Information and Communication Technology
Information Technology (IT) is the automation of processes, controls, and information production using computers, telecommunications, software and ancillary equipment such as automated teller machine and debit cards (Khalifa 2000). It is a term that generally covers the harnessing of electronic technology for the information needs of a business at all levels. Irechukwu (2000) lists some banking services that have been revolutionized through the use of ICT as including account opening, customer account mandate, and transaction processing and recording. Information and Communication Technology has provided self-service facilities (automated customer service machines) from where prospective customers can complete their account opening documents direct online. It assists customers to validate their account numbers and receive instruction on when and how to receive their chequebooks, credit and debit cards. Communication Technology deals with the Physical devices and software that link various computer hardware components and transfer data from one physical location to another (Laudon and Laudon; 2001). ICT products in use in the banking industry include Automated Teller Machine, Smart Cards, Telephone Banking, MICR, Electronic Funds Transfer, Electronic Data Interchange, Electronic Home and Office Banking. Several authors have conducted investigation on the impact of ICT on the banking sector of the Nigeria economy. Agboola et al (2002) discussed the dimensions in which automation in the banking industry manifest in Nigeria. They include: (i) Bankers Automated Clearing Services: This involves the use of Magnetic Ink Character Reader (MICR) for cheque processing. It is capable of encoding, reading and sorting cheques. (ii) Automated Payment Systems: Devices used here include Automatic Teller Machine (ATM), Plastic Cards and Electronic Funds Transfer. 5 (iii) Automated Delivery Channels: These include interactive television and the Internet. Agboola (2001) studied the impact of computer automation on the banking services in Lagos and discovered that Electronic Banking has tremendously improved the services of some banks to their customers in Lagos. The study was however restricted to the commercial nerve center of Nigeria and concentrated on only six banks. He made a comparative analysis between the old and new generation banks and discovered variation in the rate of adoption of the automated devices. Aragba-Akpore (1998) wrote on the application of information technology in Nigerian banks and pointed out that IT is becoming the backbone of banks’ services regeneration in Nigeria. He sited the Diamond Integrated Banking Services (DIBS) of Diamond Bank Limited and Electronic Smart Card Account (ESCA) of All States Bank Limited as efforts geared towards creating sophistication in the banking sector. Ovia (2000) discovered that banking in Nigeria has increasingly depended on the deployment of Information Technology and that the IT budget for banking is by far larger than that of any other industry in Nigeria. He contended that On-line system has facilitated Internet banking in Nigeria as evidenced in some of them launching websites. He found also that banks now offer customers the flexibility of operating an account in any branch irrespective of which branch the account is domiciled. Woherem (1997) discovered that Nigeria banks since 1980s have performed better in their investment profile and use of ICT systems, than the rest of industrial sector of the economy. An analysis of the study carried out by African Development Consulting Group Ltd. (ADCG) on IT diffusion in Nigeria shows that banks have invested more on IT, have more IT personnel, more installed base for PCs, LANs, and WANs and 6 a better linkage to the Internet than other sectors of the Nigerian economy. The study, however pointed out that whilst most of the banks in the west and other parts of the world have at least one PC per staff, Nigerian banks are lagging seriously behind, with only a PC per capital ratio of 0.18 (Woherem, 2000). This study carried out a more comprehensive evaluation of the response of Nigerian banks to the adoption of ICT. The study covered 36 out of the 89 banks in the country as at the end of 2005. A total of 216, 180 and 36 questionnaires were administered to the employees, customers and Head of Systems Units of the 36 selected banks respectively. Out of these, 90.28%, 77.78% and 97.22% were respectively retrieved. Three categories of variables that relate to the adoption and implementation of information technology devices were used for the study.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research design
The researcher used descriptive research survey design in building up this project work the choice of this research design was considered appropriate because of its advantages of identifying attributes of a large population from a group of individuals. The design was suitable for the study as the study sought to impact of information technology on banking industry in Nigeria (2010 to 2019)
Sources of data collection
Data were collected from two main sources namely:
(i)Primary source and
(ii)Secondary source
Primary source:
These are materials of statistical investigation which were collected by the research for a particular purpose. They can be obtained through a survey, observation questionnaire or as experiment; the researcher has adopted the questionnaire method for this study.
Secondary source:
These are data from textbook Journal handset etc. they arise as byproducts of the same other purposes. Example administration, various other unpublished works and write ups were also used.
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Introduction
Efforts will be made at this stage to present, analyze and interpret the data collected during the field survey. This presentation will be based on the responses from the completed questionnaires. The result of this exercise will be summarized in tabular forms for easy references and analysis. It will also show answers to questions relating to the research questions for this research study. The researcher employed simple percentage in the analysis.
DATA ANALYSIS
The data collected from the respondents were analyzed in tabular form with simple percentage for easy understanding.
A total of 133(one hundred and thirty three)
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain impact of information technology on banking industry in Nigeria
In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of information technology on banking industry in Nigeria
Summary
This study was on impact of information technology on banking industry in Nigeria. Three objectives were raised which included; To evaluate the impact of information technology on banking industry in Nigeria, to examine the effect of information technology on banks customer relationship, to ascertain the relationship between information technology and bank performance. In line with these objectives, two research hypotheses were formulated and two null hypotheses were posited. The total population for the study is 200 staff of first bank in Ekwulobia local government of Anambra state was selected randomly. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study.
References
- Anandhi S. and Bharadwaj, MIS Quarterly, vol.24, No. 1 (March 2000) Pp 169-196.
- Weil, P. (1992). “The relationship between investment in information technology and firm performance: a case study of Valave manufacturing industry”, Information System Research, Issue 3 (4), pp: 307-333.
- Bruce W. & Gede S. (2000). “Employee perception of impact of information technology investment in organizations: survey of the hotel industry”, Australian Journal of Information Science, 7 (2). pp: 245-278
- Baker, R.D., Kaufman, R.J. and Morey, R.C. (1990). Measuring gains in operational efficiency from information technology: a case study of Positran deployment at Hardees Inc., Journal of MIS, 6 (2). pp:59-81
- Cron W. and Sobol M. (1983). “The relationship between computerization and performance: a strategy of maximizing economic benefit of computerization”, information and management, 6, pp:171-181
- Accad, M (2009). The future of electronic banking in Nigeria, the role of the internet, US embossing sponsored e-week.
- Ovia, J. (2000). From Banking Hall to E-Platform, Financial Standard, January 15 M. Shell.
- Woherem E., Adeogri D. (2000). “The telephone and computer in banking. Constraints and challenges of information technology in Nigerian Banking Industry”, Ibadan, Spectrum Books, pp: 94-97.
- Bocij, P., & Chaffey, D., & Greasley, A. & Hickie, S. (2003). Business Information Systems: Technology, Development, and Management for the e-business. 2nd ed., Financial Times Prentice Hall, Harlow.
- Brynjolfsson, E., Hitt, L., & Yang, S. (2002) Intangible Assets: Computers and Organizational Capital. Brooking Papers on Economic Activity (1) 137- 181.
- Brynjolfsson, E. (1996). The Contribution of Information Technology to Consumer Welfare Information Systems Research, 7(3) 281-300.
