ICT Facilities and It’s Impacts on the Training of Office Technology Management Students in Tertiary Institution
Chapter One
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objectives of the study are;
- To identify the level of ICT competence possessed by Office Technology and Management lecturers in tertiary institution
- To determine Office Technology and Management students derive satisfaction in the level of ICT facilities.
- To determine the adequacy of ICT resources for use in teaching Office Technology and Management in tertiary institution
- To ascertain whether ICT resources available for teaching Office Technology and Management are utilized for teaching in tertiary institution
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Theoretical Framework
This research was based on Rogers Diffusion of Innovations Theory (2003) because it dealt with the adoption of technology which this current research looked at. Stuart (2000) described Rogers‟ Theory as a widely used theoretical framework in the area of technology diffusion and adoption. Similarly, Medlin (2001) asserted that Rogers‟ Diffusion of Innovations Theory is the most appropriate for investigating the adoption of technology in higher education and educational environments. Rogers (2003) usually used the word “technology” and “innovation” as synonyms. He opined that, adoption is a decision of full use of an innovation as the best course of action available and rejection is a decision not to adopt an innovation
Four Main Elements in the Diffusion of Innovations Theory Innovation
The first element of the diffusion of innovation theory is innovation. Rogers (2003) offered the following description of an innovation: an innovation is an idea, practice, or project that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of adoption. An innovation may have been invented a long time ago, but if individuals perceive it as new, then it may still be an innovation for them. The newness characteristic of an adoption is more related to the three steps (knowledge, persuasion, and decision) of the innovation-decision process. According to Rogers (2003), Uncertainty is an important obstacle to the adoption of innovations. An innovation‟s consequences may create uncertainty. To reduce the uncertainty of adopting the innovation, individuals should be informed about its advantages and disadvantages to make them aware of all its consequences. Moreover, Rogers claimed that consequences can be classified as desirable versus undesirable, direct versus indirect, and anticipated versus unanticipated.
Communication Channels
The second element of the diffusion of innovations process is Communication Channels. For Rogers (2003), communication is a process in which participants create and share information with one another in order to reach a mutual understanding. This communication occurs through channels between sources. Rogers (2003) stated that a source is an individual or an institution that originates a message. A channel is the means by which a message gets from the source to the receiver. Rogers (2003) stated that diffusion is a specific kind of communication and includes these communication elements: an innovation, two individuals or other units of adoption, and a communication channel. Mass media and interpersonal communication are two communication channels, while mass media channels include a mass medium such as television, radio, or newspaper, interpersonal channels consist of a two-way communication between two or more individuals. On the other hand, diffusion is a very social process that involves interpersonal communication relationships. Thus, interpersonal channels are more powerful to create or change strong attitudes held by an individual. In interpersonal channels, the communication may have a characteristic of homophily, that is, the degree to which two or more individuals who interact are similar in certain attributes, such as beliefs, education, socioeconomic status, and the like, but the diffusion of innovations requires at least some degree of heterophily, which is the degree to which two or more individuals who interact are different in certain attributes. In fact, one of the most distinctive problems in the diffusion of innovations is that the participants are usually quite heterophilous.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research design
The researcher used descriptive research survey design in building up this project work the choice of this research design was considered appropriate because of its advantages of identifying attributes of a large population from a group of individuals. The design was suitable for the study as the study sought ICT facilities and its impacts on the training of office technology management student in tertiary institution
Sources of data collection
Data were collected from two main sources namely:
(i)Primary source and
(ii)Secondary source
Primary source:
These are materials of statistical investigation which were collected by the research for a particular purpose. They can be obtained through a survey, observation questionnaire or as experiment; the researcher has adopted the questionnaire method for this study.
Secondary source:
These are data from textbook Journal handset etc. they arise as byproducts of the same other purposes. Example administration, various other unpublished works and write ups were also used.
Population of the study
Population of a study is a group of persons or aggregate items, things the researcher is interested in getting information ICT facilities and its impacts on the training of office technology management student in tertiary institution. 200 staff of University of Uyo state was selected randomly by the researcher as the population of the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Introduction
Efforts will be made at this stage to present, analyze and interpret the data collected during the field survey. This presentation will be based on the responses from the completed questionnaires. The result of this exercise will be summarized in tabular forms for easy references and analysis. It will also show answers to questions relating to the research questions for this research study. The researcher employed simple percentage in the analysis.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain ICT facilities and its impacts on the training of office technology management student in tertiary institution. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of ICT facilities and its impacts on the training of office technology management student in tertiary institution
Summary
This study was on ICT facilities and its impacts on the training of office technology management student in tertiary institution. Four objectives were raised which included: To identify the level of ICT competence possessed by Office Technology and Management lecturers in tertiary institution, to determine Office Technology and Management students derive satisfaction in the level of ICT facilities, to determine the adequacy of ICT resources for use in teaching Office Technology and Management in tertiary institution and to ascertain whether ICT resources available for teaching Office Technology and Management are utilized for teaching in tertiary institution. In line with these objectives, two research hypotheses were formulated and two null hypotheses were posited. The total population for the study is 200 staff of University of uyo. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study. A total of 133 respondents made HOD, senior lecturers, junior lecturers and ICT technologist were used for the study. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies
Conclusion
As every OTM graduate is a potential employee in any organization in Nigeria, therefore, efficient deployment of ICT facilities in OTM programmes in Nigerian institutions is very paramount in the development of Nigeria as a country and survival and growth of every organization. The importance of the development of ICT facilities is because of every institution, either business oriented or not requires the services of an office manager (Secretary) to function effectively. The Nigerian tertiary institutions, unfortunately, do not comprehensively and efficiently utilize and deploy ICT in the teaching and learning of OTM, and it is adversely affecting the OTM graduates and the OTM programme. This is due to several challenges that I have discussed. The successful running of the OTM programme will be achieved if there is a comprehensive tackling of the problems.
Recommendation
There is need for OTM lecturers and instructors to train and regularly re-train themselves on the use of modern ICT tools for effective teaching and learning
OTM laboratories should be established and adequately equipped to enhance education and encourage practical appreciation of ICT in office functions and tasks.
There is need for collaborative efforts between OTM lecturers/instructors and their colleagues with expertise in ICT fields on the functional use of ICT services
There is also the need for constant electricity supply as all ICT laboratories are powered by electricity.
Adequate ICT practical classes for the students
Collaborative efforts between the institutions and various organizations for the OTM lecturer/instructors and students to familiarize with the contemporary office procedures and work.
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