Home Control Switch Automation Using GSM Communication
Chapter One
PROJECT OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this project are as follows;
- To design and develop home appliances control system over GSM network by using a mobile phone.
- To determine and understand on how the GSM works.
- To understand the architecture and programming of the PIC.
- To learn the troubleshooting and techniques.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The system has two parts, namely; hardware and software. The hardware architecture consists of a stand-alone embedded system that is based on 8-bit microcontroller (AT89C51), a GSM handset with GSM modem and a driver circuit. The GSM modem provides the communication media between the homeowner and the system by means of SMS message. The SMS message consists of commands to be executed. The format of the message is predefined. The SMS message is sent to the GSM modem via the GSM public network as a text message with a definite predefined format. Once the GSM modem receives the message, the commands sent will be executed and executed by the microcontroller. The system will interpret the commands and turn the appliance ON/OFF accordingly via the switching module. The detail description of individual modules in the system is as follows.
USER GSM MOBILE HANDSET
Cellular phone containing ule)SIMcard has(Subsca specific number through which communication takes place.
RECEIVER GSM HANDSET
This receiver GSM handset is used to receive the SMS sent by the user and then to transmit an acknowledgement or sta handset has to be equipped with an AT Modem and a valid SIM card. In our design we have used a Nokia GSM handset model 1616. The handset has a built in AT modem Receiver GSM Handset (in the System) User GSM Handset Microcontroller Board
UART Terminal, Switching Module, Device 1, Device 2, Device 3,Advanced Computing and Communication Technologies (ACCT 2011) with UART interface and supports most of the AT command instructions. This handset is attached with the microcontroller used to control the appliance through UART. AT Modem is a Modem which supports AT commands, also known as Hayes command. The Hayes command set is a specific command language originally developed for the Hayes Smart modem. The command set consists of a series of short text strings which combine together to produce complete commands for operations such as dialling, hanging up, and changing the parameters of the connection. Most modems follow the specifications of the Hayes command set. AT commands are instructions used to control a modem. AT is the abbreviation of Attention. Every command line starts with “AT” or “at”.
MICROCONTROLLER BOARD
The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmel’s-densitynon-volatilehighmemory technology and is compatible with the industry- standard 80C51 instruction set and pin out.
Features:
8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory
Endurance: 1000 Write/Erase Cycles
4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
Programmable I/O Lines
Full Duplex UART Serial Channel
Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz
This contains the micro-controller (AT89C51) and a timeout generator circuit. This is the main module of the system. On receipt of the SMS message, text words are checked with predetermined format which includes desired device ON/OFF commands. To read a message the microcontroller sends the appropriate AT command to the Receiver GSM Modem through UART. The Modem then responds with the message and the microcontroller stores the message in the RAM. When the message ends there is no way to know by the microcontroller. The time-out generator circuit performs the vital function of providing the microcontroller board with the ability to detect the end of a message from the receiver GSM mobile. The output of the time-out generator circuit (connected to port1_3 of the microcontroller) is low until the message is being received and becomes high at the end of the message. The microcontroller then processes the command and sends the appropriate controlling signal to the switching module.
CHAPTER THREE
SOFTWARE DESIGNING
There are hundreds of programming languages each was developed to solve a particular type of problem. Most traditional languages such as basic, C, COBOL, FOTRAN, PL/1, and PASCAL are procedural languages. That is the program sequence determines the exact sequence of operations. Programming language is a free field language. Precedence of the operator determines the order of operation. Comments are used to document the software; pre-process or directives are special operations that occur first. A global declaration provides modular building blocks. Declarations are the operations. Function declarations allow for one routine to call another. Compound statements are the more complex operations. Global variables are permanent and can be shared. Local variables are temporary and are private source a file makes it easier to maintain large projects. The software was designed using CRIMSON EDITOR C complier and SDCC (small device C complier) which contains the header file of the Microcontroller (AT89C51). It used virtual conventional C programming language keywords and syntax. The program environment is where the code is written, compile and debug. It will generate and Intel ex file (content of the system Rona) which is transfer into the decontrolled via a computer interfaced programming device.
CHAPTER FOUR
TESTING ANALYSIS AND PACKAGING
TESTING:
In every engineering outfit projected work must undergo series of test before the project will be satisfied okay. In production chain it will be tagged with a label, Q.C passed.
In small system designs, testing process is also applicable. There are sequences of test needed to undergo for any successful project.
1, Testing of the individual components. 2, Unit by unit testing. 3, System testing.
TESTING OF THE INDIVIDUAL COMPONENTS
Components should be tested individually before fiddling with it, so as to remove the bad ones. This test will be satisfied test measures for individual components which are basically used of the multimeter.
Testing of transistor, diodes, LED, LDR and every other component that will be used in the project.
CHAPTER FIVE
PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED, PRECAUTIONS, SUMMARY AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED
- Inconsistent supply of power from NEPA.(national electric power authority) this made the project go at snail pace.
- Writing, running and debugging of the programme was the most stressful. In order to develop a working program a lot of brain storming was done.
- Running around to source components for the project was really herculean as some of the components are not even around us in the east.
PRECAUTIONS
Precautions were taking in both construction techniques and during the testing period. These precautions were taken in areas as follows;
- The design was first carried out on a bread board, tested and verified before transferring it to the Vero board. This was to ensure reduced component damage.
- At soldering stage, caution was taken to avoid direct heating of the electronic components used to avoid damage since some components are easily affected by heat.
Precaution was also taken during the testing of the program stored in the microcontroller to avoid the system not working properly.
CONCLUSION
In the paper low cost, secure, ubiquitously accessible, auto configurable, remotely controlled solution for automation of homes has been introduced. The approach discussed in the paper has achieved the target to control home appliances remotely using the SMS-based system satisfying user needs and requirements. The extensive capabilities of this system are what make it so interesting. From the convenience of a simple cell phone, a user is able to control and monitor virtually any electrical device in a household. By connecting all the appliances with the system through power line communication or wireless to the system, all electrical household appliances can be controlled by sending a message from a mobile handset.
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