Fasting Blood Sugar Analysis and Blood Sugar Regulation
CHAPTER ONE
AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
- To identify the optimal blood glucose target for glycemic control
- The relationship of high blood glucose with age
- The mean random glucose level of apparently healthy adult
- To compare the mean value for men and women.
CHAPTER TWO
BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Blood sugar or blood glucose level by Dr. Ananya Mandal of Medical Health Care is the amount of glucose present in the blood of a human or animal.
Blood glucose is a tightly regulated biochemical parameter in blood, it is important for metabolic homeostatic (maintenance of internal environment).
The term “blood sugar” is a misnomer (what is refers to) since it means only glucose yet there are other sugars beside glucose that are present in blood. Food contains several different type of sugar e.g fructose from fruit, galactose and lactose from milk and dairy, sorbito, xylose, maltose etc.
These sugar are inert with regard to the human metabolism and its regulation by insulin hormone and thus blood tends to refer to glucose alone. In human normal blood glucose levels are around 90 mgldl molecular weight of glucose is about 180 glmol when calculated the total amount of glucose normally is circulating, human is around 3.3 to 7g (assuming an ordinary adult blood volume of 5 liters).
Blood glucose (C6H1206) is measured in term of molarity of mgldL figure is to be converted to mmol/L, it is to be divided by 18 or multiply by 0.055 similarly to covert a mmol/L figure to mgldL is to be multiply by 18 or divided by 0.055, (www.kgoradio.com/./.41723).
LITERATURE REVIEW
Several researches have been made to show that there are change in random blood glucose among various population including the non psychotic de pressure (Die bold 1976, videbch 2008).
A research work done over a decade ago showed that people with low blood glucose could suffer from imaginary sickness irreplaceable brain damage mental damage and cerebral artherosclerosis (Feal, 1994).
In one study, it demonstrated the insulin resistance is implicated on the development of lognormal obesity. The investigation also concluded that the inappropriate activation of hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis by stress is responsible for the link between psychological and economic problem and acute myocardial infection (Bjorntorp, 2001).
Hence insulin resistance and hype insulinaemea are characteristic feature of obesity (Robinowitz, et al, 1962).
Moreover, in 1961 it was observed that patient with arterial hypertension had significant of high plasma insulin concentration before and after an oral glucose challenge (Reavenm etal 1999).
NORMAL FLUCTUATION IN LEVELS OF GLUCOSE
Glucose levels in blood fall to indicate hunger. The brain is dependent on glucose as its primary energy producing substance. Low blood glucose indicate to the brain that that there is need for food intake and this triggers sensations of hunger.
CHAPTER THREE
MATERIALS/EQUIPMENT
Reflotron plus machine
MATERIAL USED
- Sample bottle
- Syringes 5 ml per sample
- Glucose strip
- Automatic pipette
- Blood sample
- Pipette tip
- EDTA (Ethylene Diaminetatra acetic acid)
- Serum
SAMPLING
- Capillary blood or veinous blood can be used, and was collected into a standard tube.
- After collection using various bloods, the sample was spin in centrifuge for 5 minute for separation.
- Serum is collected using automatic pipette and put into a clean sample collection bottle.
- Automatic pipette was used in application of the serum to the test area of the glucose strip.
- Insect the strip vertical into the reflotron plus machine and the sample flow into the reaction zone.
- The reflotron plus machine measure mmol/L which is 3:3-6.05mm0l/L and produce result within 125 sec ie 2m-5 second.
RESULT
Theoretical work on t-distribution was done by W.S Gosset in the early 1990; Gosset was employed by the Guniess and Son a Dublin brewery, Ireland, which did not permit employees to publish research finding under their own names 50 Gosset adopted the pen name “student” and published his finding under this name. Thereafter, the t-distributed is commonly called student’s t-distribution or simply student’s distribution.
The t-distribution is used when sample size is 30 or less and the population standard deviation is unknown.
CHAPTER FOUR
SUMMARY
The blood sugar concentration or blood glucose level is the amount of glucose present in the blood of human or animal. The body naturally tight regulate blood glucose level as part of metabolic process. According to America Health Association (AHA) Glucose is the primary source of energy for the body cells.
Therefore the amount of glucose in the blood changes throughout the day and night, the glucose level varies depending upon when, what, and how much one have eaten and whether or not one have exercised. As such glucose or blood sugar keep metabolism up to standard. If blood sugar drop a potentially fatal condition called hypoglycemia develop which result in several case and when there is balance in the system a persistently high blood sugar arise called hyperglycemia that can lead to body failure. A such one’s need to undergoes AIC test, which provide information about a person’s average level of blood glucose.
RECOMMENDATION
According to American diabetes association and several researchers, to reduce cardiovascular risk people with type 2 diabetes should undergo two and a half hour exercise to reduce fat.
- Going for advise with physician or health care providers
- For youth with type 1 diabetes to provide adequate energy to ensure normal growth and development integrate insulin regimen into usual eating and physical activity habit that reduce insulin resistance and improve metabolic state.
- For pregnant and lactating women, to provide adequate energy and nutrients needed.
- For older adult, to provide for the nutritional and psychosocial need of an aging individual. Food containing carbohydrate should be include in a healthy diet.
REFERENCES
- O’ Deak (1991), Westernization, Insulin Resistance and Diabetes
- Young, J (1997), Gluconeogenesisi in Cattle (Significant and Methodology (Journal of Dairly Science).
- Rosemary & Jill (2006), Type II Diabetes your question and Answers.
- American Diabetes A. (2006), Diabetes Care 2.9 (Supplement 1):51-580.
- Renschler. HE (1865), The Upper Limit of Glucose Concentration in the Urine of Healthy Subject.
- David & Peppy (2011), Living with Diabetes Blog. www.mayoclinic.com
- Janet, R. (2012). What is a normal blood Glucose. www.phlaunt.com/diabetes/16422495.phb
- Virginia, M (2011). Blood Sugar level (Journal) www.virginiamason.org>Home>BenoroyaDiabetecentretreatment.
