Factors Responsible for Infertility Amongst Women of Child Bearing Age in Delta State
CHAPTER ONE
Objective of the study
The objectives of the study are;
- To find out whether hormonal imbalances is the responsible for infertility amongst women of child bearing age in Delta state
- To find out whether substance abuse is responsible for infertility amongst women of child bearing age in Delta state
- To find out whether severe stress is responsible for infertility amongst women of child bearing age in Delta state
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Introduction
Infertility definitions
Clinical definitions:
- Infertility is “a disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. (WHO-ICMART glossary1).
- “Infertility is the inability of a sexually active, non-contracepting couple to achieve pregnancy in one year. The male partner can be evaluated for infertility or subfertility using a variety of clinical interventions, and also from a laboratory evaluation of semen.”
Demographic definitions of infertility:
- An inability of those of reproductive age (15-49 years) to become or remain pregnant within five years of exposure to pregnancy.
- An inability to become pregnant with a live birth, within five years of exposure based upon a consistent union status, lack of contraceptive use, non-lactating and maintaining a desire for a child.
Epidemiological definition of infertility:
(For monitoring and surveillance) Women of reproductive age (15–49 years) at risk of becoming pregnant (not pregnant, sexually active, not using contraception and not lactating) who report trying unsuccessfully for a pregnancy for two years or more.
Infertility as a disability
Disability: Infertility generates disability (an impairment of function), and thus access to health care falls under the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disability. An estimated 34 million women, predominantly from developing countries, have infertility which resulted from maternal sepsis and unsafe abortion (long term maternal morbidity resulting in a disability). Infertility in women was ranked the 5th highest serious global disability (among populations under the age of 60).
Primary infertility:
When a woman is unable to ever bear a child, either due to the inability to become pregnant or the inability to carry a pregnancy to a live birth she would be classified as having primary infertility. Thus women whose pregnancy spontaneously miscarries, or whose pregnancy results in a still born child, without ever having had a live birth would present with primarily infertility.
Secondary infertility
When a woman is unable to bear a child, either due to the inability to become pregnant or the inability to carry a pregnancy to a live birth following either a previous pregnancy or a previous ability to carry a pregnancy to a live birth, she would be classified as having secondary infertility. Thus those who repeatedly spontaneously miscarry or whose pregnancy results in a stillbirth, or following a previous pregnancy or a previous ability to do so, are then not unable to carry a pregnancy to a live birth would present with secondarily infertile.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, we described the research procedure for this study. A research methodology is a research process adopted or employed to systematically and scientifically present the results of a study to the research audience viz. a vis, the study beneficiaries.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research designs are perceived to be an overall strategy adopted by the researcher whereby different components of the study are integrated in a logical manner to effectively address a research problem. In this study, the researcher employed the survey research design. This is due to the nature of the study whereby the opinion and views of people are sampled. According to Singleton & Straits, (2009), Survey research can use quantitative research strategies (e.g., using questionnaires with numerically rated items), qualitative research strategies (e.g., using open-ended questions), or both strategies (i.e., mixed methods). As it is often used to describe and explore human behaviour, surveys are therefore frequently used in social and psychological research.
POPULATION OF THE STUDY
According to Udoyen (2019), a study population is a group of elements or individuals as the case may be, who share similar characteristics. These similar features can include location, gender, age, sex or specific interest. The emphasis on study population is that it constitutes of individuals or elements that are homogeneous in description.
This study was carried to examine factors responsible for infertility amongst women of child bearing age. Selected women in Delta state form the population of the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the analysis of data derived through the questionnaire and key informant interview administered on the respondents in the study area. The analysis and interpretation were derived from the findings of the study. The data analysis depicts the simple frequency and percentage of the respondents as well as interpretation of the information gathered. A total of eighty (80) questionnaires were administered to respondents of which only seventy-seven (77) were returned and validated. This was due to irregular, incomplete and inappropriate responses to some questionnaire. For this study a total of 77 was validated for the analysis.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain factors responsible for infertility amongst women of child bearing age in Delta State. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of factors responsible for infertility amongst women of child bearing age in Delta State
Summary
This study was on factors responsible for infertility amongst women of child bearing age in Delta State. Three objectives were raised which included: To find out whether hormonal imbalances is the responsible for infertility amongst women of child bearing age in Delta state, to find out whether substance abuse is responsible for infertility amongst women of child bearing age in Delta state and to find out whether severe stress is responsible for infertility amongst women of child bearing age in Delta state. A total of 77 responses were received and validated from the enrolled participants where all respondents were drawn from selected women. Hypothesis was tested using Chi-Square statistical tool (SPSS).
Conclusion
Childbearing and family are considered a right of every human being. Infertility is a health problem that requires appropriate treatment strategy. Modern medical science has developed advanced therapies to assist reproduction over the last 20 years. The main causes of female infertility are the problems of the fallopian tubes, disorders of menstrual cycle, problems in the uterus, sexual disorders, age, ovarian failure, and other unknown causes. We must try to understand the problem of this portion of the population and show interest, in order to allocate the necessary resources to solve it. The medical and socio-economic support of infertile women, which means easier access to medical services, higher insurance coverage, broader social support, and information are important requirements for resolving the problem
Recommendation
The study recommended that women when they realize the issue of infertility they should go for test accompany with her spouse, sometimes it can be man factor causing infertility
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