Factors Associated With Prolong Labor Among Women Age 32-45 Year
Chapter One
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
- To find out how to reduce the rate of maternal mortality
- To identify the knowledge of women on the effect of prolonged labour.
- To identify how to have a safe motherhood
- To identify how to encourage women and the community to attend antenatal care.
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
INTRODUCTION
Our focus in this chapter is to critically examine relevant literatures that would assist in explaining the research problem and furthermore recognize the efforts of scholars who had previously contributed immensely to similar research. The chapter intends to deepen the understanding of the study and close the perceived gaps.
Precisely, the chapter will be considered in two sub-headings:
- Conceptual Framework
- Chapter Summary
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
PREGNANCY
Definition: is the fertilization and development of one or more offspring as on embryo or fetus in woman uterus. In pregnancy it ere can be multiply gestation length of four hocks it is approximately it weeks from start of the last mistral period (CMP). Human pregnancy is the most studies of all Mammalian pregnancy. Conception can be a achieved through sexual intercourse or assisted reproductive technology (https/www medicinenet.com (1996-2018).
SIGN AND SYMPTOM OF PREGNANCY
This sign can be grouped into three
- Presumptive sign
- Probable sign
- Positive sign
PRESUMPTIVE SIGN
- Amerrhoea
- Early moving sickness this is characterized by nausea or (feeling like vomiting). This occurs during the second and third month of pregnancy.
- Skin changes: The skin act lighter
- Enlargement of the breast: The breast areola becomes black after 16 weeks of pregnancy.
- Enlargement of abdomen
- The vertical line under the umbilicus get darkness it is called LINEA NIGRA.
PROBABLE SIGN
- There will be clones or increase in it size of it uterus will be salt.
- Hedgers sign: is done by it doctor out 8 weeks. The doctor will insert 2 fingers into it virginal pliant his/her heft arm on the abdomen. The cervix will be like sponge during pregnancy.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
This chapter deals with detailed information on the procedure used for data collection.
AREA OF STUDY
This research study was actually carried out at Badiko Kaduna. It is a ward located within Kaduna South Local Government. The area has medium population in Kaduna South Local Government, majority of the population are Muslim by religious and Hausa by tribe. There is a primary health care centre (PHC) in term of politics and election, Badikko have about 6 poling station, as one of the popular ward in Kaduna South Local Government of Kaduna State in Nigeria.
RESEARCH DESIGN
A descriptive design was used to determine factors associated with prolong labour in the PHC Badikko Kaduna. It involved the collection of data record from 2016/2018 statistical was used to analyse data collected
TARGET POPULATION
The target population of the research project include the entire cases of prolong labour treated in primary health Care Centre Badikko Kaduna from 2016/2018. The sample population was Hundred (100) people that are affected.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
This chapter deals with the analysis of data collected, organizing analysis and presented objective. I distributed 100 questionnaires and 80 were retrieved for data analysis. Data presented in table according to the research questions.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter significantly deals with the restatement of problems, summary of the study, and discussion of the finding, implication of the finding, and recommendation for further study and limitation of the study and conclusion
Restatement of the problem
Prolong labour account for the high rate of maternal mobility and mortality among women 32-45 years of age. It is apparent (deadly seen) that some people are either aware or ignorant of the damaging effect on health due to prolong labour.
Summary of procedure
Design of the study is conducted in this population of one hundred (100) cases of prolong labour in PHC Badikko Kaduna South Local Government of Kaduna State.
Sample Techniques: The sample used in this study is simple random sampling . Instrument use fro collection of data is questionnaire.
Major Findings
- My respondents agree on lack of competent health workers contribute in the causes of maternal mortality rate.
- The respondents agree if the pregnant mother usually takes drugs accordingly and maintain mixed diet that may have successful delivery.
- The respondent agree that prolong labour can cause maternal and feotal death.
Discussion of Finding
If pregnant mother are attending (ANC) antenatal care receiving health education on the important of ANC, important of their prescribe drugs, mixed diet and important of family planning, important of personal hygiene they deliver successfully so as maternal and feotal death can be reduced during delivery.
Women should register for antenatal care when pregnant and attend regularly for optimal health monitoring and surveillance of the baby’s state of health (cited Dr. Tayo Abiora).
RECOMMENDATION OF THE STUDY
Parent should discourage easy marriage can cause a lot of problem to their druthers during delivery including prolong labour, and cause redo vaginal fistula. Woman should try to be attending antenatal care when ever pregnant because during antenatal care (ANC) they will be health education about the important of attending ANC. The important of family planning and to know the effect of home delivery.
- Husband should allow their wives and give them necessary support to enable them attend antenatal care whenever they are pregnant.
- School should also put more emphasis on teaching student to be able to know the right of patient before they become health workers, this will help the health workers to established good rapport with their patient help recovery.
- Government should improve health propaganda through media such as radio, television etc.
For the benefit of some women that are ignorant of the important of antenatal care, health worker should be advising pregnant mother that are attending antenatal care to pass all information to those that are not attending antenatal care because it help in successful delivery, that is having safe motherhood.
CONCLUSION
Obstructed labour remains an important cause of maternal and fetal mortality in many part of the world. Better understanding of obstructed labour will be minimized by ensuring adequate nutrition for girls and young women (British medical bulletin vol: 67 @ 2003).
The factors associated with prolong labour can be reduce when women know the important of attending antenatal care whenever they are pregnant, this prevent them from facing the effect of prolong labour such as maternal and fetal death and have successful delivery at the end of each pregnancy.
RECOMMENDATION FOR FURTHER STUDY
Some of the health workers don’t want to answer my questionnaires saying that they are busy which is not true.
REFERENCE
- Dr. M. D. Mazumdor, MD (2002); Risk factors for arrest of descent during the second stage of labor. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics.
- Dr. Tayo 1955; a graphicostatistical analysis. Obstet Gynecol.
- Ejehem A.2000. The impact of parity on course of labor in a contemporary population. Birth.
- Friedman EA. Labor in multiparas; a graphicostatistical analysis. (practical approach to maternal health care edition 2010. https/www medicinenet.com.
- J midwifery women health 2007. Classical observations and suggestions in obstetrics.
- John son augus, 2016 web MD medical review by thacic.
