Evaluation of Health Education a Tool for Eradicating Communicable Disease Among Primary School Pupils. Case Study of Lea Primary School Lugbe Village, FCT, Abuja
Chapter One
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The main objective of the study is on evaluation of health education as a tool for eradicating communicable disease among primary school pupils; but to aid the completion of the study, the researcher intends to achieve the following objectives;
- To evaluate the effect of health education in minimizing communicable disease among primary school pupils
- To ascertain the impact of health education on the health of pupils
- To investigate the relationship between health education and the academic performance of the pupils
- To ascertain the role of parent in educating the pupils on how to prevent communicable disease in schools
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Introduction
Core Programs Communicable diseases are located in the disease, injury and disability prevention core programs, which are intended to prevent specific health problems that make, or might make, a significant contribution to the burden of disease. Priorities that are highlighted include vaccine preventable diseases; prevention of sexually transmitted and blood-borne communicable diseases, including HIV/AIDS, chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and viral hepatitis B and C; prevention and control of tuberculosis, especially the multiple resistant strains; prevention and control of travel-related, imported and exotic diseases, including rare but potentially serious conditions such as Lassa fever or Ebola virus; and new/emergent diseases. Notwithstanding, the other three core program areas are also relevant for communicable disease prevention and control. In the health improvement core programs, examples of priority areas are reproductive health, which includes reducing sexually transmitted diseases and cervical cancer; and healthy development, which includes optimum immunization. In the environmental health care programs, continuing to assure and improve the safety and sustainability of our food, water, air and soil is of paramount importance for the prevention of a wide range of communicable diseases. The health emergency management core programs include responses to potential acts of bio-terrorism, which could involve highly infectious agents. A communicable disease is an illness caused by a specific infectious agent or its toxic products. It arises through transmission of that agent or its products from an infected person or animal to a susceptible host either direct or indirectly through an intermediate plant or animal host ,vector or the inanimate environment. Infectious disease can be a major cause of illness among children and can affect a child’s schooling by causing absenteeism .They may in turn, affect other children and staff, and can prevent parent’s careers ability to work, especially where both parents careers work. School health programs could not be fully implemented without having staff and parent’s cooperation and involvement .Parents, community leaders and teachers often can and do serve as role models for students. Students serve as a linkage with school and family while parents can and should cooperate with schools to help their children. Communicable diseases spread quickly among students in the classroom, there must be gathered printable and advise for germ prevention in school. Recent years have seen a dramatic increase in public concern about communicable diseases in the schools all over the world. School administrations must find ways to strike a balance between protecting the general school population from exposure to dangerous communicable diseases and ensuring the infected student’s right to privacy and to public education.
CONCEPTUAL REVIEW
WHO (2000) defined CHS as an aspect of modern health services specifically designed for health promotion, disease prevention and treatment of children under five years of age. CHS provides a channel through which medical and health care services can be organized to improve the health and wellbeing of the child, prevent diseases and promote growth and development. Nelson (2002) added that CHS are geared towards the totality of medical and non-medical management of children to protect and promote their health in such a manner that will permit them to come into adulthood at their optimal stage of development both physically, mentally and socially, so that they can compete with life struggle at the most effective level. He maintained that concern for child health should ante-dates conception and extend through the final phase of growth in the period of adolescence, this is because the care of an unborn child as provided by adequate supervision of pregnant woman and obstetrical care at time of delivery are directly reflected and contributes to the well-being of the health of the child. He stressed that CHS are chiefly concerned with the continual growth and development of the child.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Introduction
This chapter deals with the method used in collecting data required in carrying out this research work it explains the procedures that were followed and the instrument used in collecting data.
Sources of data collection
Data were collected from two main sources namely:
(i)Primary source and
(ii)Secondary source
Primary source:
These are materials of statistical investigation which were collected by the research for a particular purpose. They can be obtained through a survey, observation questionnaire or as experiment, the researcher has adopted the questionnaire method for this study.
Secondary source:
These are data from textbook Journal handset etc. they arise as byproducts of the same other purposes. Example administration, various other unpublished works and write ups were also used.
Population of the study
Population of a study is a group of persons or aggregate items, things the researcher is interested in getting information for the study seek to evaluate health education as a tool for eradicating communicable disease among primary school pupils 200 teachers of selected primary schools was selected randomly by the researcher as the population of the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Introduction
Efforts will be made at this stage to present, analyze and interpret the data collected during the field survey. This presentation will be based on the responses from the completed questionnaires. The result of this exercise will be summarized in tabular forms for easy references and analysis. It will also show answers to questions relating to the research questions for this research study. The researcher employed simple percentage in the analysis.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was on evaluation of health education a tool for eradicating communicable disease among primary school pupils.
In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of eradicating communicable disease in primary schools.
Summary
This study has sought to review the conceptual underpinnings of health promotion in order to build an outcome model and a set of complementary questions to assist with the conceptualization, planning and assessment of communicable disease prevention initiatives. This model and the related questions provide the framework for developing indicators (performance measures) and standards or benchmarks. It is recommended that this outcome model and set of questions be shared with the health authorities and once finalized, be formalized into a tool to strengthen communicable disease health promotion efforts.
Conclusion
The study conclude that;
All the components of child health services should be established in both rural and urban. The number of users of these CHS has been fluctuating over the years as such the community health system should be stabilized. Vital CHS such as hand washing was not effectively utilized, even though they are available. Maternal age, parity, occupation, educational attainment had no statistical significance to the level of use of CHS. Availability of medical personnel in the neighborhood, ignorance of need of CHS, cultural belief, bad attitude of health care providers and postponing of days of going to the clinic were factors identified to affect and influence level of utilization of CHS.
Recommendation
Community and hospital based health education program should focus more attention on exclusive breast feeding campaign to educate mothers on the need of exclusive breast feeding and also address cultural bias in infant feeding. Government and non-governmental agencies in charge of vaccines should endeavor to produce and make them always available to the PHC facilities for use. State government should ensure that private practitioners of health care services are duly registered and monitored. This will help to minimize quackery and unsure that qualified health personnel deliver health care services in the neighborhood, where the mothers would always resort to for CHS utilization. Health workers in the community should be properly trained both on their duties and on their relationship to their clients to avoid scaring away mothers by their attitude.
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