Environmental Pollution in Nigeria: Issues and Solutions
Chapter One
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The following are the objectives of this study:
- To identify the issues of environmental pollution in Nigeria.
- To analyze the impact of environmental pollution in Nigeria.
- To determine the solutions to the challenges of environmental pollution in Nigeria.
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEWED OF RELATED LITERATURE
The arrival and reproduction of man on earth has caused a lot of impact and havoc on the Biosphere (environment) which supports life and sustains various human activities.
Gana, (2015), expresses that due to man unchecked actions, for example large scale deforestation of forest for residential and agricultural land uses has changed the habitat organism living in the forest. The hunting of animal by man as led to the extraction of certain animal species. Man has also developed new types of domesticated animals as well as plants to serve his own needs. The rapid increase in activates today in many cities without proper planning and control is the outcome of slums that has penetrated in our physical environment.
This is evident particularly in housing sector, transport, water supply, sanitation, power supply and even in employment sector. Those that are presently not employed are equally polluting our environment by engaging themselves in different harmful activities (stealing, pollution, idleness, Etc.) since there is nothing to keep them busy always in the society. The problem of environmental degradation and pollution of water, air, and noise is always on high increase in many cities without proper check, which evidently has resulted in low standard of living in many of our cities and town in Africa.
This chapter basically discusses Environmental and Pollution as well as the various Types of Pollutions, Causes of Environmental Pollution, Sources of Environmental Pollution and Effects of Environmental Pollution, it also includes Environmental laws and Policies, the concepts of Environmental laws and the Historical background of the laws.
DISCUSSION ON ENVIRONMENT AND POLLUTION
Environment
The word “environment” may mean different thing to different people. Scientifically, the Physical, environment is different from social or economic. Environment means” that which surround or that which envelop the earth and it consist of the entire ecosystem. Scientifically, the four spheres or division of the earth VIZ: – Lithosphere, Hydrosphere Biosphere, and Atmosphere. This could be broken to include the water body and life therein, landmass, forests, grassland, deserts, animals, man himself and all the interactions taken place among those group. Environment is also defined as the circumstances surrounding or regions in which everything exist. Everything external to the organism is included in it. It also includes open field, mountains, forest, Deserts, snow, Seas, River, Lakes, Wells Springs, atmosphere Etc.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, we described the research procedure for this study. A research methodology is a research process adopted or employed to systematically and scientifically present the results of a study to the research audience viz. a vis, the study beneficiaries.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research designs are perceived to be an overall strategy adopted by the researcher whereby different components of the study are integrated in a logical manner to effectively address a research problem. In this study, the researcher employed the survey research design. This is due to the nature of the study whereby the opinion and views of people are sampled. According to Singleton & Straits, (2009), Survey research can use quantitative research strategies (e.g., using questionnaires with numerically rated items), qualitative research strategies (e.g., using open-ended questions), or both strategies (i.e., mixed methods). As it is often used to describe and explore human behaviour, surveys are therefore frequently used in social and psychological research.
POPULATION OF THE STUDY
According to Udoyen (2019), a study population is a group of elements or individuals as the case may be, who share similar characteristics. These similar features can include location, gender, age, sex or specific interest. The emphasis on study population is that it constitutes of individuals or elements that are homogeneous in description.
This study was carried to examine Environmental Pollution in Nigeria: Issues and Solutions.. Delta state form the population of the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the analysis of data derived through the questionnaire and key informant interview administered on the respondents in the study area. The analysis and interpretation were derived from the findings of the study. The data analysis depicts the simple frequency and percentage of the respondents as well as interpretation of the information gathered. A total of eighty (80) questionnaires were administered to respondents of which only seventy-seven (77) were returned and validated. This was due to irregular, incomplete and inappropriate responses to some questionnaire. For this study a total of 77 was validated for the analysis.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain environmental Pollution in Nigeria: Issues and Solutions. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing environmental Pollution in Nigeria: Issues and Solutions.
Summary
This study was on environmental Pollution in Nigeria: Issues and Solutions. Three objectives were raised which included: To identify the issues of environmental pollution in Nigeria, to analyze the impact of environmental pollution in Nigeria and to determine the solutions to the challenges of environmental pollution in Nigeria. A total of 77 responses were received and validated from the enrolled participants where all respondents were drawn from Delta state. Hypothesis was tested using Chi-Square statistical tool (SPSS).
Conclusion
The study has shown that according to the data obtained from the residents of Delta state, it was determined that Burning of Refuse and Increase in Population and traffic are the most important factors causing pollution in the area, while Legislative laws that will protect the environment and Waste recycling are the two preferred solutions to reduce or stop the pollution in the area.
Recommendation
Based on the research carried out on this study, the following recommendations are provided;
- The Local government should make laws that will protect the environment, also these laws should have punishments and penalties to be made by violators.
- The practice of Waste recycling should be encouraged in the area.
- They should be provisions of Drainage systems to reduce erosion.
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