Employee Performance Appraisal as a Strategy to Management
CHAPTER ONE
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
This study is aimed at establishing the following objectives:
- To know if road accidents in Nigeria are gender based, that is, do female road users fall victim of road accidents than their male counterparts
- To equally know if road accidents in Nigeria are age based.
- To ascertain if there is a statistical significant relationship between educational background and road accidents in Nigeria.
- To know if record of road accidents in Nigeria has increased or not.
- To educate Nigerians and those interested in this study on the outcome of our research
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
INTRODUCTION
The Federal Road Safety commission (FRSC) is a government agent with statutory responsibility for road safety administration in Nigeria. It was established in 1988. the federal road safety corps (FRSC) operates in all Nigerian states as well as the federal capital territory (FCT) A corps marshal of the FRSC Osita Chidoka (2008) said that 18300 road accidents have claimed 51251 persons injured in Nigeria in the past three years. He further explained errant petroleum tankers drivers were responsible for most of the accident in Nigeria he said that in the first three months of the year 2007, 2119 accidents involving tankers drivers claimed 301 lives meanwhile; one analyst has said the figure of fatalities by the police is a gross under – estimation of the death resulting from accident. Adegbenro (2009) studied the road accidents trends in Nigeria between the period of 1960 and 1989 his study reveal a sharp increase in fatal accident occurrence. Between 1960 and 1969 it was observed that over 18000 death occur as a result of road accidents by the third decade (1980 – 1989) this figure had increase to about five times i.e. more than 9200 death. According to Eke (2001) it has however being observed that most of the factors involving in road accidents are created and control by man. Man initiated the process that may yield a road accidents by traveling, he or she may travel as a pedestrian as a passenger in a vehicle or as the operator of the vehicle. Odero (1998) added that most vehicle operator also fail to ensure the road worthiness of their vehicle before they hit the highway which contributes majorly to road accidents in Nigeria. Occasionally, the vehicle operator fails to adhere to safety regulation for instance, fastening the seatbelt and ensuring safe condition of the vehicles. It has also been observed that during the festival periods and holidays, there are always more vehicles on the Nigeria highways and road, people tend to be rushing to meet certain commitment or to arrive at their destination earlier consequently, there are more accident during theses period than other time. A student, member of the red cross, Miss Kemi Oluwapo said that “road accidents, though labeled accidental, are most time cause by dangerous driving which informs why we keep on having them every day, despite effort by relevant agencies to have them minimized on our road and your surroundings at all times there could be many things going on in traffic all around you, so it is crucial that you pay attention to everything going on around you driving should be your only focus while behind the wheel. Some drivers while on wheels eat their breakfast, drink their coffees, apply their makeup and change their out fits and these are drivers that are involved in accident. (Antigba 1996 and Edom 1989) “the fewer the people that would die from road accidents the better Nigeria will begin to appreciates the federal road safety corps (FRSC) and it is believed that this is possible so talking of being able to show results with the (FRSC), being effective, delivering service reducing road accidents from 100 to 80 percent per month, it is then that service will be known to being delivered. The Federal Road Safety Corps have the responsibility of improving road safety and reducing road accident. Odelowo (1998) believe that the role of intoxication with drugs and alcohol is important in the cause of road accident worldwide.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research design
The researcher used descriptive research survey design in building up this project work the choice of this research design was considered appropriate because of its advantages of identifying attributes of a large population from a group of individuals. The design was suitable for the study as the study sought to a statistical analysis of road accidents in Nigeria
Sources of data collection
Data were collected from two main sources namely:
Primary source and Secondary source
Primary source:
These are materials of statistical investigation which were collected by the research for a particular purpose. They can be obtained through a survey, observation questionnaire or as experiment; the researcher has adopted the questionnaire method for this study.
Secondary source:
These are data from textbook Journal handset etc. they arise as byproducts of the same other purposes. Example administration, various other unpublished works and write ups were also used.
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Introduction
Efforts will be made at this stage to present, analyze and interpret the data collected during the field survey. This presentation will be based on the responses from the completed questionnaires. The result of this exercise will be summarized in tabular forms for easy references and analysis. It will also show answers to questions relating to the research questions for this research study. The researcher employed simple percentage in the analysis.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain a statistical analysis of road accidents in Nigeria
In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of statistical analysis of road accidents in Nigeria
Summary
This study was on a statistical analysis of road accidents in Nigeria. Five objectives were raised which included: To know if road accidents in Nigeria are gender based, that is, do female road users fall victim of road accidents than their male counterparts, to equally know if road accidents in Nigeria are age based, to ascertain if there is a statistical significant relationship between educational background and road accidents in Nigeria, to know if record of road accidents in Nigeria has increased or not, to educate Nigerians and those interested in this study on the outcome of our research. In line with these objectives, two research hypotheses were formulated and two null hypotheses were posited. The total population for the study is 200 staff of federal road safety commission in Akwa Ibom State. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study. A total of 133 respondents made up corps commanders, route commanders, senior officers and junior officers were used for the study. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies
Conclusion
Analysis of qualitative data gathered during the present study summarizes two principle factors viz. human and environment as joint significant contributor to the occurrence of road accident in Nigeria. Human characteristics (rush and negligence) make the highest contribution to the road traffic accidents in the study area. The environmental factors are related to bad weather and poor road condition. In the present study, the highest number of accidents was observed in the peak rainy season during the months of July – September and the maximum number of victims were also highest compared to other seasons of the year.
Recommendation
On the basis of the findings obtained from this research, the following are recommended,
- Government at all levels should introduce road education in Nigeria system of education.
- Government at all levels should pay more attention to the maintenance of high ways and roads in general for safe use of the citizens.
- Personnel in charge of road should enforce the use of seatbelts by all motorists.
- Driving license should be issued under strict compliance with the government regulations.
- Motor Vehicles should be inspected to ensure their road worthiness before registration
REFERENCES
- Falae A.A. (2001): Motor Accident in Nigeria. Tribune December 18th , 1989. Kemi Oluwapo (2012): “Road accidents, though labeled accidental, are most times caused by dangerous driving.
- Odeleye J.A. (2003): Improved Road Traffic environment for better child safety in Nigeria Osita Chidoka (2008): 18300 road accidents have cl;aimed 5157 lives and left 13251 persons injured in Nigeria in the past three years”. The Punch Thursday February 14th , 2008 pg. 11
- Adekunle JA (2010). Road Traffic accident deaths and socio-economic development in Nigeria. Int. Rev. Bus. Soc. Sci. 1(5):47-60.
- Gururaj G (2004). Alcohol and Road Traffic Injuries in South Asia: Challenges for prevention, JCPSP. 14(12):713-718.
- Inyang O (1986). “Road Accident in developing counties” J. computational statistics Data Analysis. 5(2). Cutter SL (1993). Living with Risks: Geography of Technological Hard.Great Britain:
- Edward Arnold. Jacobs G, Aeron-Thomas A, Astrop A (2000). Estimating global road fatalities. London England: Transport Research Laboratory Report 445.
- Komba E (2006).Traffic fatalities and economic growth. Accid. Anal. Prev. 37:169-178.
- Kual A, Sinha VS, Pathak YK, Singh A, Kopoor AK, Sharma S, Singh S (2005). Fatal Road Traffic Accidents, Study of Distribution, Nature and Type of Injury, JIAFM. 27(2):71-78.
- Mishra B, Sinha ND, Sukkla SK, Sinha AK (2010). Epidemiological Study of Road Traffic Accident Cases from Western Nepal, Indian J. Community Med. 35(1):115-121.
- Mohan D (2007). Road safety in less-motorised environments: Future concerns. Int. J. Epidemiol. 31:327-532.
- Odero W (1998). Alcohol-related road traffic injuries in Eldoret, Kenya, East Afr. Med. J. 75:708-711.
