Efficacy of Flipchart in the Teaching and Learning of Social Studies in Some Selected Secondary Schools
CHAPTER ONE
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objectives of the study are;
- To examine the importance of flip chart in the teaching and learning of social studies
- To examine the difference between academic performance of students taught social studies using flip chart instruction and those taught using conventional method in secondary school
- To determine the effect of flip chart instruction on the academic performance of male and female social studies students in secondary schools.
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Conceptual Framework
Education can be regarded as an art of training and teaching the young ones in a formal system of learning. This involves the students, teachers, resources, facilities and management system for effective coordination and administration. This requires qualified professional who could exercise well planned educational programmes through teaching and learning. (Alabi, 2009). Education is a social process. Education is growth, growth is not a preparation for life, growth is life, therefore, education is life itself Dewey in Ndagi (2001) Education is ultimately acclaimed as the most effective instrument of change ever fashioned by man which is capable of changing the behaviour, pattern of people, societal values and expectations. Education promotes literacy and enables the illiterate person to be literate so as to 8 integrate into his/her environment. The positive role which education plays in the development of a nation is therefore unquantifiable for our nascent democracy to survive. The citizenry therefore need to be educated. Knowledge is acquired not through the senses directly, but through the action and interaction of the child. The meaningful written and spoken information a child received depend upon his/her actions and interactions in the environment. There is need to improve the quality of education especially science, language for communication and technology at all levels. In Nigeria, like most developing countries, efforts have been made by various stakeholders such as professional organizations and experts towards acquisition of qualitative and functional education. In this regard, a number of curriculum reforms have attempted to bring change in education for instance, there were two historic curriculum conferences in 1969 and 1973 respectively which lead to the birth of the National Policy on Education (NPE). Ekwo (2006) reflects that, many advanced and industrialized countries of the world have established a very positive relationship between economic growth and education. Gene (2005) defines education as a weapon for combating ignorance, poverty, diseases as a bridge between confusion and wisdom as a claim for conserving man‟s store of civilization and for generating the power to move to greater civilization as a rocket for transporting man from a state of intellectual sub-service to a state of intellectual sovereignty.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research design
The researcher used descriptive research survey design in building up this project work the choice of this research design was considered appropriate because of its advantages of identifying attributes of a large population from a group of individuals. The design was suitable for the study as the study sought to efficacy of flipchart in the teaching and learning of social studies in some selected secondary schools
Sources of data collection
Data were collected from two main sources namely:
(i)Primary source and
(ii)Secondary source
Primary source:
These are materials of statistical investigation which were collected by the research for a particular purpose. They can be obtained through a survey, observation questionnaire or as experiment; the researcher has adopted the questionnaire method for this study.
Secondary source:
These are data from textbook Journal handset etc. they arise as byproducts of the same other purposes. Example administration, various other unpublished works and write ups were also used.
Population of the study
Population of a study is a group of persons or aggregate items, things the researcher is interested in getting information on efficacy of flipchart in the teaching and learning of social studies in some selected secondary schools. 200 staff of selected secondary schools in Uyo were selected randomly by the researcher as the population of the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Introduction
Efforts will be made at this stage to present, analyze and interpret the data collected during the field survey. This presentation will be based on the responses from the completed questionnaires. The result of this exercise will be summarized in tabular forms for easy references and analysis. It will also show answers to questions relating to the research questions for this research study. The researcher employed simple percentage in the analysis.
DATA ANALYSIS
The data collected from the respondents were analyzed in tabular form with simple percentage for easy understanding.
A total of 133(one hundred and thirty three) questionnaires were distributed and 133 questionnaires were returned.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain efficacy of flipchart in the teaching and learning of social studies in some selected secondary schools. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of flipchart in the teaching and learning of social studies in some selected secondary schools
Summary
This study was on efficacy of flipchart in the teaching and learning of social studies in some selected secondary schools. Three objectives were raised which include: to examine the importance of flip chart in the teaching and learning of social studies, to examine the difference between academic performance of students taught social studies using flip chart instruction and those taught using conventional method in secondary school, to determine the effect of flip chart instruction on the academic performance of male and female social studies students in secondary schools. In line with these objectives, two research hypotheses were formulated and two null hypotheses were posited. The total population for the study is 200 staff of selected secondary schools in uyo, Akwa Ibom state. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study. A total of 133 respondents made of principals, vice principals adm, social studies teachers and teachers were used for the study. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies
Conclusion
The following conclusions were drawn from the findings of the study
The use of flip chart as an instructional media improved performance of students in social studies. There was no significant difference between the male and female students in their academic performance when exposed to the use of flip chart instructional materials.
Recommendation
- Social studies teachers should be supported with instructional materials, ‘learning centre, libraries and social studies workshops to enhance their productivity and make learning more meaningful.
- Social studies teachers should be encouraged to utilize child centered methods in the teaching learning process.
- Teachers should complement the teaching of social studies with the use of flipchart in their day to day instructional delivery.
- Having examined some identified problems in the teaching of social studies and realizing that improvement in these learning areas lead to improvement on student‟s performance. Other aspects of learning such as recall, retention, And repetition and knowledge application could be studied.
REFERENCES
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- Agboola, S. (2000) Teacher perceptions of the use of instructional media in JSS in Minna local government area in Niger state on published M. Tech thesis Federal University Minna
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