Effect of Unemployment on Computer Education Graduates
Chapter One
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objectives of the study are to;
- Examine the cause and nature of unemployment among computer education graduates
- Examine the effects of unemployment on computer education graduates in Benin City
- Recommend possible solutions to the identified problems of unemployment among this group of graduates, which can aid in reducing the effects
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
INTRODUCTION
Various explanations are provided for the causes of graduate unemployment. Some ascribe it to the lack of employment that is caused by a lack of employability, type of qualification obtained as well as field of study, quality of secondary school education, quality of tertiary education, high expectations, job search and work experience. Various authors have offered definitions for employability. Weligamage (2009) and Sha (2006) agree, however, that employability relates to the skills and attributes needed to gain employment and progress in an industry. A survey conducted on graduates by Griesel and Parker (2009) highlighted four main categories of skills and attributes that employees look out for when recruiting graduates. Basic skills, intellectual ability, workplace skills, applied knowledge and interactive skills were regarded as most important. South African graduates are often unsuccessful in the recruitment phase, because they lack some of the required skills. Pauw et al. (2006) argue that many of these students who lack the required skills come from historically black institutions where they did not develop these skills or acquire work experience. As a result, graduates become disadvantaged because the skills they learned are not required in the working environment. Lie (2007) argues that graduates should not be entirely blamed for the unemployment condition. Graduates, employers, government and universities are all involved. Graduates are more academically oriented and lack awareness of the latest developments and applicable skills. Graduates generally believe that their education and skills are sufficient and universities consider their graduates to be well prepared for the workplace. At the same time, employers perceive graduates to lack the vital skills for employment. Such perspectives must be addressed to enhance the employability of graduates. The quality of secondary education was also highlighted as another reason for graduate unemployment. According to Mlatsheni (2005), fewer students who matriculated passed with exemption and students are regarded as functionally illiterate. This means that an average Grade 12 student who has just matriculated does not possess adequate writing, mathematical and communication skills to perform at university level because the quality of secondary school education is low. As students are not prepared to enter and succeed in further higher learning, high dropout rates are experienced (Pauw et al., 2006). Differences in the quality of tertiary institution also lead to graduate unemployment. These institutions can be grouped into historically white institutions (HWIs) and historically black institutions (HBIs). Graduates from HWIs have much better employment prospects than those from HBIs. HWIs graduates are absorbed into the labour market faster after obtaining degrees (Bhorat & Visser, 2010). Another reason why HWIs graduates are more employable than those from HBIs relates to the fact that HBIs enrol students in fields of study with low employment prospects. Employers are biased towards employing students who have graduated from certain universities because of their perception of the universities’ educational standards and culture. Generally, employers have the perception that ‘HBIs are much poorer in ensuring success in the labour market for their client base than HWIs’ (Bhorat & Visser, 2010, p. 5). Graduate unemployment may also be due to graduates’ unrealistically high expectations. They usually assume that their qualifications must ensure high salaries and managerial positions immediately (L.M. Luan, personal interview, 24 October 2012).
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research design
The researcher used descriptive research survey design in building up this project work the choice of this research design was considered appropriate because of its advantages of identifying attributes of a large population from a group of individuals. The design was suitable for the study as the study sought to effect of unemployment on computer education graduate
Sources of data collection
Data were collected from two main sources namely:
(i)Primary source and
(ii)Secondary source
Primary source:
These are materials of statistical investigation which were collected by the research for a particular purpose. They can be obtained through a survey, observation questionnaire or as experiment; the researcher has adopted the questionnaire method for this study.
Secondary source:
These are data from textbook Journal handset etc. they arise as byproducts of the same other purposes. Example administration, various other unpublished works and write ups were also used.
Population of the study
Population of a study is a group of persons or aggregate items, things the researcher is interested in getting information effect of unemployment on computer education graduates. 200 staff of University of Benin, Edo state was selected randomly by the researcher as the population of the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Introduction
Efforts will be made at this stage to present, analyze and interpret the data collected during the field survey. This presentation will be based on the responses from the completed questionnaires. The result of this exercise will be summarized in tabular forms for easy references and analysis.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was effect of unemployment on computer education graduate. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of unemployment on computer education graduate
Summary
This study was on effect of unemployment on computer education graduates. Three objectives were raised which included: Examine the cause and nature of unemployment among computer education graduates, examine the effects of unemployment on computer education graduates in Benin City, recommend possible solutions to the identified problems of unemployment among this group of graduates, which can aid in reducing the effects. In line with these objectives, two research hypotheses were formulated and two null hypotheses were posited. The total population for the study is 200 staff of university of Benin, Edo state. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study. A total of 133 respondents made heads of department, senior lecturers, junior lecturers and graduate assistants were used for the study. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies
Conclusion
The findings revealed that unemployment in Nigeria increased from 21.1% to 23.9% in with youth unemployment at over 50%. From 2011 to 2013 there is an increase of 16% unemployment growth rate in Nigeria. From all indications, youth unemployment is a menace in Nigeria and constitutes a real danger and a threat to Nigeria’s democracy. This is because these youths could be manipulated to undermine the stability of Nigeria’s democracy at any point in time. Against this background, there is the need by government at all levels, international community and other stakeholders to embark on massive job creation to take these youths off the streets. Granted, there may not be a quick fix to this problem, but all the stakeholders must as a matter of fact do something urgentl.
Recommendation
- Anti corruption crusade should attacked the root of corruption: Both the EFCC and Anti corruption commission should look deeply into the root causes of corruption and address it from the beginning which will help greatly in minimizing corruption.
- Strengthen of existing institutions by appointing decent people to head them, respect their tenure and appoint successors rather than political appointee
- Investment in education: government should invest heavily on education, education that will enable the youth to become self reliance instead of job seekers through skills development and training.
- Infrastructural building that will provide employment to thousand people such as good roads, electricity, provision of portable drinking water etc should be embarked upon by the government of the day.
- Create labour market that work better for the youth
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