Effect of the Use of Sub-standard Materials on Building Construction (Case Study of Ministry of Housing, Lagos State)
CHAPTER ONE
Objective of the study
The primary objective of the study is as follows
- To examine the reason for the use of sub standard material on a building project.
- To evaluate the effect of the use of sub standard material for a building project.
- To find out the relationship between construction stakeholders and the firmness of a building
- To evaluate the measures that can be put in place by the Lagos state ministry of housing to prevent the collapse of a building.
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
INTRODUCTION
Our focus in this chapter is to critically examine relevant literature that would assist in explaining the research problem and furthermore recognize the efforts of scholars who had previously contributed immensely to similar research. The chapter intends to deepen the understanding of the study and close the perceived gaps.
Precisely, the chapter will be considered in three sub-headings:
- Conceptual Framework
- Theoretical Framework
- Empirical framework
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Building industry
The building industry is the most complex of all the industries in the economy and the basis of its complexity is founded on the simple fact that, all other industries and sector of the socio-economy depend on it for the environment in which they operate. The building industry is to all practical purpose an all-comers affair (Akindoyeni, 2002). It is an industry where all manners of local and foreign materials, professionals and equipments co-habit in order to achieve quality buildings of high standard. The building industry plays an important and dynamic role in the process of sustainable economic growth and development of any nation due to its size and complexity. It is to be noted that up to one-sixth of the total amount allocated to construction projects by Nigeria governments takes the form of building as observed from past budget of the country. Whether a country is just developing like Nigeria or is already developed like Britain, buildings all over the world, constitute the most valuable assets of mankind (Chinwokwu, 2000). More so, while these buildings provide humanity with a great variety of accommodation in form of residences, mosques, churches, offices, schools, factories, hospitals, stadia, ports, hotels, and so on, it also provides employment for the skilled and unskilled persons. The building industry plays an important and dynamic role in the process of sustainable economic growth and development of any nation due to its size and complexity. It is to be noted that up to one-sixth of the total amount allocated to construction projects by Nigeria governments takes the form of building as observed from past budget of the country. The aim and objective of the building industry is to provide suitable accommodation for the whole community, of the quality that can be appreciated by the community, at the cost that the community can afford, within the time required by the community and within the capacity of the building industry (Akindoyeni, 2002). However, it could be deduced that the ultimate goal for any building projects is for such projects to be delivered within the shortest possible time, at the lowest possible cost, within the highest possible quality so as to minimise the problem and the burden of future maintenance and building collapse.
Buildings and Building Construction Collapse in Nigeria
Buildings are structures, houses or edifice built or constructed to offer accommodation/shelter to mankind or its handwork and or animals for day to day exercises [Chendo, 2015]. There has been a lot of innovative ideas and cutting-edge technology for mankind in ensuring safe, more beneficial and advantageous shelter for the use of mankind [Hamma-adama,2017]. According to Dimuna [2010], building design is very necessary to be produced but that it must meet the client’s fundamental requirement and must be able to fulfil the purpose for which it was conceived and also satisfy safety in all ramifications. Building, therefore, are constructed or built to have desired designed satisfaction, comfort and safety. If any of these becomes vulnerable, then the purpose for which the building was built has been defeated [Olagunju,2013].
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, we described the research procedure for this study. A research methodology is a research process adopted or employed to systematically and scientifically present the results of a study to the research audience viz. a vis, the study beneficiaries.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the analysis of data derived through the questionnaire and key informant interview administered on the respondents in the study area. The analysis and interpretation were derived from the findings of the study. The data analysis depicts the simple frequency and percentage of the respondents as well as interpretation of the information gathered. A total of eighty (80) questionnaires were administered to respondents of which only seventy-seven (77) were returned and validated. This was due to irregular, incomplete and inappropriate responses to some questionnaire. For this study a total of 77 was validated for the analysis.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
SUMMARY
In this study, our focus was on effect of the use of sub-standard materials on building construction using ministry of housing, Lagos State as a case study. The study specifically was aimed at highlighting the reason for the use of sub standard material on a building project, evaluate the effect of the use of sub standard material for a building project, find out the relationship between construction stakeholders and the firmness of a building and evaluate the measures that can be put in place by the Lagos state ministry of housing to prevent the collapse of a building. A total of 77 responses were validated from the enrolled participants where respondent are drawn from ministry of housing.
CONCLUSION
Based on the finding of this study, the following conclusions were made:
- The reason for the use of sub standard material on a building project is because of insufficient financing, high expectation from awardees of the contract,lack of technical know how and corruption and unethical practices by the suppliers
- The effect of the use of sub standard material for a building project is depletion of the building quality, building crack, building collapse and high maintenance costs.
- There is a relationship between construction stakeholders and the firmness of a building.
- The measures that can be put in place by the Lagos state ministry of housing to prevent the collapse of a building is test the integrity of all high-rise buildings, identify and prosecute offenders, overhaul and restructure agencies and ministries and conduct site assessments to verify as-built conditions.
RECOMMENDATION
Based on the responses obtained, the researcher proffers the following recommendations:
- The Standard Organisation of Nigeria (SON) need to have a more positive response to their responsibility in sanitizing building materials that are offered for sale in Nigerian market.
- The Nigerian Institute of Building (NIOB) and The Nigerian Institute of Structural Engineer (NISE) members should be involved in the building materials sanitization process by the federal government. Material Engineers should also be attached to large building projects by their developer.
- Various means of motivation of workmen like giving of incentives, good sick pay, better salary, etc. should be in place by the management of any building work as this will increase the will of workmen, thereby enhancing excellent quality of workmanship.
- Building professionals should also ensure proper and efficient supervision of workmen as well as efficient checking of materials before incorporation into building works.
REFERENCES
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- Adebayo, K. (2005). The role of professionals in averting collapse of
- Adebowale P. A., Gambo M. D., Ankeli I. A., & Daniel I. D. (2016). Building Collapse in Nigeria: Issues and Challenges Conference of the Internatinal Journal of Arts and Sciences CD-ROM 9 (1): 99-108.
- Adewale, B., Alalade, G., Akinwande, A., Daramola, A., Joseph, A., Odili, A., . . . Eke, W. (2018). An investigation of the effects of poor specification on building collapse in Nigeria. Proceedings of the Moscow State University of Civil Engineering, 13, (5), 1-2, DOI: doi: 10.22227/1997–0935.2018.5.p1-p2
- Adewuyi, A. (2010). Structural Factors That Cause Building Failures. University of Nigeria, Nssuka.
- Ajufoh, M. O., Gumau, W. A., & Inusa, Y. J. (2014). Curbing the Menace of Building Collapse in Nigeria. International Letters of Natural Sciences. https://doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.20.168
- Akande, B. F., Akinjobi, S. D., Alao, T. O., & Akinrogunde, O. O. (2016). Causes , Effects and Remedies to the incessant Building Collapse in Lagos State , Nigeria. International Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, 16(August), 15–30.
- Akanni, P. O. (2006). Small scale building material production in the context of the informal economy. The Professional Builders, 5(3), 13-18.
- Akindoyeni, A. (2002). Professionalism in building design and construction. In D.R. Ogunsemi (Ed.), Building Collapse: Causes, prevention and remedies (pp. 1-13). The Nigerian Institute of Building, Ondo State.
