Effect of Poverty on Sustainable Development in Nigeria; A Case Study of 2015-2020
Chapter One
Objective of the study
- To examine the multifaceted relationship between poverty and sustainable development.
- To Identify the key challenges and consequences of poverty.
- To Assess the implications for sustainable development goals.
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEWED OF RELATED LITERATURE
The Meaning of Poverty
For proper understanding of the issue of the study, it is necessary that concept of poverty be explained. According to the United Nations Human Development Report (1998), poverty is defined as a complex phenomenon that generally refers to inadequacy of resources and deprivation of choices that would enable people to enjoy decent living conditions. Moreover, the World Development Report 2000/2001, sees poverty to connotes lack of a range of material needs of life as food, shelter, water, clothing and non-material needs as security, employment and literacy (Ayoola, 2000). While Tazoacha (2001) defines poverty as the absence of peace in an individual. This could be as a result of hunger, lack of medical care, marginalization, denial of human rights relating to the fulfillment of basic human needs, and freedom. It is also defined as pronounced deprivation in well-being, and comprises many dimensions as low incomes and the inability to acquire the basic goods and services necessary for survival with dignity, low levels of health and education, poor access to clean water and sanitation, inadequate physical security, lack of voice, and insufficient capacity and opportunity to better one’s like (World Bank 1999). United Nation Development Project, (1999) defines poverty as a denial of choices and opportunities, a violation of human dignity, which implies lack of basic capacity to participate effectively in society, not having enough to feed and clothe a family, not attaining literacy of good health, not having security of food or a job to earn one’s living. Poverty is a world-wide phenomenon, but its incidence is more severely felt in the developing countries than in the developed ones. Thus, poverty can be classified into relative and absolute poverty. Absolute poverty is a state of destitution, is the lack of basic human needs, such as clean water, nutrition, health care, education, clothing, and shelter. The World Bank defines relative poverty as living on less than US $1.25 (PP) per day, and moderate or relative poverty as less than $2 a day (World Bank, 2007), and it accounts for about 1.7 billion people in the world (Krugman and Robin, 2009). In Nigeria, available evidence tend to suggest that more than 40% of the Nigerian population live in extreme poverty, spending less than N320 per capita per month (Ognifiditimi, 1996). At the individual level, poverty could be seen as the determinant of income whose absence or inadequacy inacapacitates him/her from acquiring the necessities for good living (Ahokegh, 2010).
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, we described the research procedure for this study. A research methodology is a research process adopted or employed to systematically and scientifically present the results of a study to the research audience viz. a vis, the study beneficiaries.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research designs are perceived to be an overall strategy adopted by the researcher whereby different components of the study are integrated in a logical manner to effectively address a research problem. In this study, the researcher employed the survey research design. This is due to the nature of the study whereby the opinion and views of people are sampled. According to Singleton & Straits, (2009), Survey research can use quantitative research strategies (e.g., using questionnaires with numerically rated items), qualitative research strategies (e.g., using open-ended questions), or both strategies (i.e., mixed methods). As it is often used to describe and explore human behaviour, surveys are therefore frequently used in social and psychological research.
POPULATION OF THE STUDY
According to Udoyen (2019), a study population is a group of elements or individuals as the case may be, who share similar characteristics. These similar features can include location, gender, age, sex or specific interest. The emphasis on study population is that it constitutes of individuals or elements that are homogeneous in description.
This study was carried to examine Effect of Poverty on Sustainable Development in Nigeria. 2015-2020 in Lagos state form the population of the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the analysis of data derived through the questionnaire and key informant interview administered on the respondents in the study area. The analysis and interpretation were derived from the findings of the study. The data analysis depicts the simple frequency and percentage of the respondents as well as interpretation of the information gathered. A total of eighty (80) questionnaires were administered to respondents of which only seventy-seven (77) were returned and validated. This was due to irregular, incomplete and inappropriate responses to some questionnaire. For this study a total of 77 was validated for the analysis.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain Effect of Poverty on Sustainable Development in Nigeria. A case Study of 2015-2020. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing effect of Poverty on Sustainable Development in Nigeria.
Summary
This study was on effect of Poverty on Sustainable Development in Nigeria. Three objectives were raised which included: To examine the multifaceted relationship between poverty and sustainable development, to Identify the key challenges and consequences of poverty and to Assess the implications for sustainable development goals. A total of 77 responses were received and validated from the enrolled participants where all respondents were drawn from selected in Lagos state. Hypothesis was tested using Chi-Square statistical tool (SPSS).
Conclusion
In conclusion, addressing poverty is pivotal to unlocking Nigeria’s full potential and achieving sustainable development goals. This study underscores the urgency of this endeavor and provides a foundation for further research, policy formulation, and action to alleviate poverty and create a more sustainable and prosperous future for all Nigerians.
Recommendation
Based on the findings and conclusions of the study on the “Effect of Poverty on Sustainable Development in Nigeria,” the following recommendations are put forth to address the multifaceted challenges posed by poverty and promote sustainable development in the country:
- Implement and expand comprehensive poverty reduction programs that target marginalized and vulnerable populations in both rural and urban areas.
- Ensure these programs prioritize access to education, healthcare, vocational training, and microfinance opportunities to empower individuals and communities.
- Invest in education infrastructure, particularly in rural areas, to provide safe and conducive learning environments.
- Implement policies that increase the availability of qualified teachers and improve the quality of education, with a focus on STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) subjects.
- Strengthen healthcare systems by increasing funding, improving infrastructure, and expanding healthcare services in underserved regions.
- Implement health awareness campaigns to promote preventive healthcare practices and maternal and child health.
References
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