Effect of Land Tenure System on Agricultural Productivity in Anambra State
CHAPTER ONE
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objectives of the study are;
- To ascertain the effect of land system on agricultural productivity Anambra state
- To establish the relationship between security of tenure and agricultural productivity
- To establish linkage between tenure security and environmental degradation
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
PROPERTY RIGHTS
Property rights theory does not emphasize who “owns” land, but rather analyzes the formal and informal provisions that determine who has a right to enjoy benefit streams that emerge from the use of assets and who has no such rights (Bromley 1991, Eggertsson 1990, Libecap 1989). These rights need to be sanctioned by a collective in order to constitute effective claims. Thus, property rights involve a relationship between the right holder, others, and a governance structure to back up the claim. Property rights consist of two components: the rule and its enforcement mechanism. The rules may derive from state law, customary law, user group rules, and other frameworks. Enforcement of statutory law is usually the responsibility of the state, which means that the rights ground on formal laws. Property rights based on other types of rules may be enforced by customary authorities or by a user group, which manages the distribution of rights or members of that group “define or enforce rights among themselves” (Schlager and Ostrom 1992, 254). The recent literature on property rights over land and other natural resources commonly uses a broad classification along open access (no rights defined), public (held by the state), common (held by a community or group of users), and private (held by individuals or “legal individuals” such as companies) property regimes. Such classification can only be a rough guide to the effective entitlements that a right holder in one of the stylized property regimes holds in reality (cf. BendaBeckmann and Benda-Beckmann 1999).
PROPERTY RIGHTS AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY
The link between access to land and agricultural productivity can be established in different ways: Firstly, the presence of property rights eliminates the anxiety and uncertainty of expropriation that encourage the farmers to make long term investment decision on land and to adopt the best cropping system. Secondly, the title of land makes it easy for farmers to use the land as collateral for credit. It is hypothesised that for farmers who have collateral can easily get access to financial market and increase the supply of credit available to them (Feder and Noronha, 1987, The Economists, 2001). As a result, agricultural investment and adaptation of modern technology will follow. Thus, access to credit enables the farmers to make durable investment in one hand and intensify the production systems in inputs in other hand and thereby boosting the agricultural productivity (Platteau, 1993). The effect of property rights in agricultural productivity is basic consideration in the application of technology. However, simplistic analysis of efficiency may lead to distorted results. For instance, in the Njoro District of Kenya, the positive relationship between agricultural productivity and titling does not stem from improved tenure security rather than large-scale farmers having access to factors like imperfect labour market, capital, and insurance markets that small farmers do not have (Carter, et al., 1991). In Ethiopia, land with less secure tenure had lower total factor productivity, but this was due to low input quality rather than applying less input (Gavian and Ehui, 1999). One study in Bangladesh reveals that net per acre output is highest in owner-cultivated farms and lowest in sharecropping farms (Hossain, 1977). For farmers cultivating their own land as well the land others, per acre output is the highest compared to the farmers of sharecropping or cash annual rental basis (Jabbar, 1977).
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research design
The researcher used descriptive research survey design in building up this project work the choice of this research design was considered appropriate because of its advantages of identifying attributes of a large population from a group of individuals. The design was suitable for the study as the study sought to effect of land tenure system on agricultural productivity in Anambra
Sources of data collection
Data were collected from two main sources namely:
Primary source and Secondary source
Primary source:
These are materials of statistical investigation which were collected by the research for a particular purpose. They can be obtained through a survey, observation questionnaire or as experiment; the researcher has adopted the questionnaire method for this study.
Secondary source:
These are data from textbook Journal handset etc. they arise as byproducts of the same other purposes. Example administration, various other unpublished works and write ups were also used.
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Introduction
Efforts will be made at this stage to present, analyze and interpret the data collected during the field survey. This presentation will be based on the responses from the completed questionnaires. The result of this exercise will be summarized in tabular forms for easy references and analysis. It will also show answers to questions relating to the research questions for this research study. The researcher employed simple percentage in the analysis.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was on effect of land tenure system on agricultural productivity in Anambra state. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges land tenure system on agricultural productivity in Anambra state.
Summary
This study was on effect of land tenure system on agricultural productivity in Anambra state. Three objectives were raised which included: To ascertain the effect of land system on agricultural productivity Anambra state, to establish the relationship between security of tenure and agricultural productivity, to establish linkage between tenure security and environmental degradation. In line with these objectives, two research hypotheses were formulated and two null hypotheses were posited. The total population for the study is 200 residents of selected local government in Anamba state. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study. A total of 133 respondents made married men, married women, youths and farmers were used for the study. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies.
Conclusion
The study analysed the relationship between land tenure and investment as well as the relationship between land tenure and agricultural productivity in the Anambra state. The study revealed that owner-operated, customary land tenure and sharecropping are the three main land tenure arrangements in the district, with customary land tenure forming the majority. Under the sharecropping contract. High level of customary land tenure systems in the district reinforce high land tenure insecurity in the district. Finally, owner operated tenure, one of the key factors in determining agricultural productivity in the district had a negative effect on productivity. This could be a sign of insecurity or disputes over land ownership in the district and can militate against agricultural productivity.
Recommendation
Attention should focus on agricultural innovation that are small farmers centered Traditional authorities and family heads in charge of customary lands should be mindful of community and family land boundary demarcation before allocating lands to their subjects. Disregard for boundaries on the part of these authorities has been a source of conflict between communities and even family members. As population pressures continue to grow, the incidence and severity of boundary dispute is liable to increase, and this is a potential to reducing investment drive in the district.
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