Effect of Counterterrorism and Economic Development in Gurara Lga Niger State (2015-2021)
CHAPTER ONE
Objective of the study
The objective of the study is to investigate effect of counter terrorism and economic development in Gurara LGA Nigeria. The specific objectives are:
- To scrutinize the effect of counter terrorism on economic development of Niger state.
- To determine the relationship between terrorism, FDI and GDP of Niger state
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Theoretical Foundation
For the theoretical foundation of this study, I have identified critical theory and resource dependence theory. Considering the factors responsible for the poor level of victory over terrorism in Nigeria, it is critical to apply these theories with the problem of counterterrorism strategies to promote development. Critical Theory
Critical theory offers a descriptive and normative foundation for social inquiry and is designed to decrease domination and increase freedom in all forms (Stanford, 2016). It is applied through critiquing and analyzing the social issues that are responsible for the domination of tribes that have emerged as terrorists, using inhumanity as a justification for their actions. Critical theory was developed in response to conventional approaches to uncover the ideological, conceptual, and institutional foundations of terrorism. It is used to critique dominant conventional approaches that link terrorism with technical capitalism, and claims that violent activities used by the state, in a case of state terrorism against its own citizens, have been ignored by traditional terrorism scholars 20 (Gunning 2007; Silke 2009; Jackson, Smyth, & Gunning 2009; Herring, 2008). Critical theory is concerned with critiquing and changing society in its entirety, as against traditional theory, concerned only with understanding or explaining it. It is aimed at digging into the social life, to reveal the assumptions that keep people from true and complete understanding of how the world works. Critical theory emerged from the Marxist tradition and was advanced by a group of sociologists at the University of Frankfurt in Germany, referred to as Frankfurt School (Crossman, 2019). Nigerians are being enslaved by terrorism and yearn for freedom, which may be achieved through the application of critical theory, in seeking to liberate them from the confines of terrorism, by stressing the reflective assessment and critique of society and culture through the application of knowledge. Various geographic regions in Nigeria have experienced years of government domination and have attempted to gain their freedom in several ways. This has led to diverse forms of agitation beginning with what resulted in the Nigerian civil war in 1967. The next form of agitation resulting from the same causes gave rise to the formation of various militant sects in the Niger Delta, which gradually but steadily developed into terrorist groups. Through this perspective, counterterrorist’s have to take critical steps to review issues and work out modalities to free citizens from oppression, to create the freedom that will enable peace and economic and social development. Research has shown that the major cause of terrorism in Nigeria is rooted in poverty.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter, we described the research procedure for this study. A research methodology is a research process adopted or employed to systematically and scientifically present the results of a study to the research audience viz. a vis, the study beneficiaries.
RESEARCH DESIGN
Research designs are perceived to be an overall strategy adopted by the researcher whereby different components of the study are integrated in a logical manner to effectively address a research problem. In this study, the researcher employed the survey research design. This is due to the nature of the study whereby the opinion and views of people are sampled. According to Singleton & Straits, (2009), Survey research can use quantitative research strategies (e.g., using questionnaires with numerically rated items), qualitative research strategies (e.g., using open-ended questions), or both strategies (i.e., mixed methods). As it is often used to describe and explore human behaviour, surveys are therefore frequently used in social and psychological research.
CHAPTER FOUR
DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the analysis of data derived through the questionnaire and key informant interview administered on the respondents in the study area. The analysis and interpretation were derived from the findings of the study. The data analysis depicts the simple frequency and percentage of the respondents as well as interpretation of the information gathered. A total of eighty (80) questionnaires were administered to respondents of which only seventy-seven (77) were returned and validated. This was due to irregular, incomplete and inappropriate responses to some questionnaire. For this study a total of 77 was validated for the analysis.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was to ascertain effect of counterterrorism and economic development in gurara LGA Niger state (2015-2021). In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of effect of counterterrorism and economic development
Summary
This study was on effect of counterterrorism and economic development in gurara LGA Niger state (2015-2021). Two objectives were raised which included; To scrutinize the effect of counter terrorism on economic development of Niger state and to determine the relationship between terrorism, FDI and GDP of Niger state. A total of 77 responses were received and validated from the enrolled participants where all respondents were drawn from Gurara LGA Niger state. Hypothesis was tested using Chi-Square statistical tool (SPSS).
Conclusion
Despite the adoption and deployment of policies and technical mechanisms against its existence, terrorism continues to persist. The results of the effects of existing strategies on performance by counterterrorism operatives require the augmenting of existing strategies with more effective ones to enhance overall performance (Kataria, Rastogi, & Garg, 2013). It was necessary to look deep into the reasons the existing strategies fail, and follow through with the recommendations made in this study to work out ways by which effective ones may be developed, so as to liberate Nigerians from the chains of terrorism. From the findings of this research, it is clear to admit that most of the problems related to the impact of terrorism on the nation are consciously generated problems imposed on the nation by those who were elected and appointed to govern and administer policies. Among other issues, it has been unraveled that high-level corruption, lack of developmental training of personnel, lack of knowledge of terrorism and counterterrorism framework, lack of an upgrade in combat tactics carried out by the military, and poor level of operatives’ morale were reasons for the failure of operations as well as the deterioration of the military might. The gap between evidence of the effectiveness of counterterrorism strategies and the enforcement of counterterrorism policies may be due to poor supervision of bodies assigned to check the activities of policymakers and senior executives of the counterterrorism agencies. Few studies have focused on the adequacy and effectiveness of the strategies used by counterterrorism operatives aimed at mitigating the different typologies of terrorism. This study explored the effects of counterterrorism strategies on insurgency, and the roles as well as the experiences of stakeholders, during the engagement of terrorists. Seemingly, the results of this study provide several contributions to the research literature on developing counterterrorism strategies, supporting the need for stakeholders to consider redefining their approach to the problem in Nigeria. However, to make this come to fruition, the cooperation of all entities involved, as mentioned above, must come together as one strong team to work out effective strategies and remedies to end terrorism, eliminating self-interest and putting the nation first
Recommendation
Government security expenditure has not yielded meaningful economic growth and human capital development. This can be attributed to either insufficient expenditure on security or inappropriate allocation or mismanagement of security funds. Establishing a bank of security and directly funding security could contribute to remedying the terrorism situation. Establishing a bank of security can also be a channel where armed forces and other security personnel who died in service to the nation can be compensated. This will encourage the armed forces in the battle against terrorism.
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