E-hailing and Urban Public Transportation in Lagos State.
CHAPTER ONE
Objective of the study
The objectives of the study are;
- To ascertain the effect of e-hailing on transportation
- To ascertain whether there is disadvantages of e-hailing on transportation
- To ascertain whether customers patronize e-hailing then others mean
CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
INTRODUCTION
E-hailing, like taxi, is a special formof demand-responsive transit (DRT) that has been practiced and studiedlong before the era of smart phones. The reader is referred to He and Shen (2015); Wang et al. (2016); Zhaet al. (2016) for recent research regarding e-hailing. The apparent lack of efficiency of taxi services hadfueled enthusiasm for more advanced forms of DRT such as dial-a-ride transit (DART), which allows ride-sharing and even transferring through pre-arrangement (Wilson et al., 1976; Stein, 1978). At its core DARTis a many-to-many pickup and delivery problem with time window, which is a special class of vehicle routingproblems (VRP) known to be NP-hard (Cordeau and Laporte, 2003a).Many had attempted to tackle the computational challenges associated with DART (e.g. Psaraftis, 1980;Cordeau and Laporte, 2003b; Cordeau, 2006; Melachrinoudis et al., 2007; Ropke and Cordeau, 2009). Yet,the success of real DART systems is often limited by how fast a practically satisfactory solution to a combinatorial problem can be obtained and properly implemented in real time. Black (1995) found many DART systems in operation suffer from high per-capita operating cost associated with low occupancy. This observation has inspired proposals of “hybrid systems” that strive to integrate DRT into fixed-route services, an idea similar to what is pursued in this paper. Stein (1978) considers a system which divides the service area into zones connected by fixed-route bus services. Passengers use DART to get to designated “transfer points”, from where they travel to other zones on fixed-route buses. This system was implemented in AnnArbor, MI (Potter, 1976). Malucelli et al. (1999) and Crainic et al. (2001) propose a demand adaptive system (DAS) that combines fixed-route service FRS with a restricted DART. The DART in DAS is restrictive in that vehicles have to follow a schedule at compulsory stops, which are designated transfer points. However, optional stops between consecutive compulsory stops are served only by request. The DART system in DAS has been studied independently as a Mobility Allowance Shuttle Transit (MAST) (Quadrifoglio et al., 2006, 2007,2008) or flexible-route transit (Pratelli et al., 2001; Alshalalfah, 2009). High-coverage point-to-point transit system (HCPPT) proposed by Cort´es and Jayakrishnan (2002) may be viewed as a variant of the zone-based system of Stein (1978). Instead of using line-haul buses to connect zones, HCPPT connects them with the same vehicles that make pickup and delivery trips.
CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research design
The researcher used descriptive research survey design in building up this project work the choice of this research design was considered appropriate because of its advantages of identifying attributes of a large population from a group of individuals. The design was suitable for the study as the study sought to E-Hailing and Urban Public Transportation in Lagos State
Sources of data collection
Data were collected from two main sources namely:
(i)Primary source and
(ii)Secondary source
Primary source:
These are materials of statistical investigation which were collected by the research for a particular purpose. They can be obtained through a survey, observation questionnaire or as experiment; the researcher has adopted the questionnaire method for this study.
Secondary source:
These are data from textbook Journal handset etc. they arise as byproducts of the same other purposes. Example administration, various other unpublished works and write ups were also used.
Population of the study
Population of a study is a group of persons or aggregate items, things the researcher is interested in getting information on E-Hailing and Urban Public Transportation in Lagos State. 100 passengers and drivers in Lagos State was selected randomly by the researcher as the population of the study.
CHAPTER FOUR
PRESENTATION ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Introduction
Efforts will be made at this stage to present, analyze and interpret the data collected during the field survey. This presentation will be based on the responses from the completed questionnaires. The result of this exercise will be summarized in tabular forms for easy references and analysis. It will also show answers to questions relating to the research questions for this research study. The researcher employed simple percentage in the analysis.
DATA ANALYSIS
The data collected from the respondents were analyzed in tabular form with simple percentage for easy understanding.
A total of 133(one hundred and thirty three) questionnaires were distributed and 133 questionnaires were returned.
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Introduction
It is important to ascertain that the objective of this study was on E-Hailing and Urban Public Transportation in Lagos State. In the preceding chapter, the relevant data collected for this study were presented, critically analyzed and appropriate interpretation given. In this chapter, certain recommendations made which in the opinion of the researcher will be of benefits in addressing the challenges of E-Hailing and Urban Public Transportation
Summary
This study was on E-Hailing and Urban Public Transportation in Lagos State. Three objectives were raised which included: To ascertain the effect of e-hailing on transportation, to ascertain whether there is disadvantages of e-hailing on transportation and to ascertain whether customers patronize e-hailing then others mean. In line with these objectives, two research hypotheses were formulated and two null hypotheses were posited. The total population for the study is 100 passengers and 100 drivers in Lagos state. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study. A total of 133 respondents made up male passengers, female passengers, drivers and conductors were used for the study. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies
Conclusion
This study has provided a comprehensive review of E-hailing applications adoption and competitiveness of app-based taxi operators in Nigeria. Based on the objectives and findings of this study, the study concluded that the need to attract more customers, the need to create easy communication with customers, the need to reduce waiting time at the taxi stand and journey time were among the chief drivers enhancing adoption of E-hailing applications. Secondly, the study concluded that high costs of implementation of E-hailing 42 Apps, different costing models and need for training of operators on usage are the greatest challenges the has barred effective adoption and competitiveness of app-based taxi operators in Nigeria. Finally, the study concludes that there exists a positive relationship between E-hailing Applications adoption and the competiveness of app-based taxi operations.
Recommendation
The study recommends that developers of the E-Hailing Apps should make them user friendly and cost effective. The integrity of the software should be checked to ensure they are superior in terms of their functionality, usability, efficiency, maintainability and manageability. In addition, the Apps needs to assure information quality with regards to information accuracy, information completeness, information relevance and content of the information.
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